What Makes Chinese Adult Children Behave Differently during Parents’ End of Life: A Discriminant Analysis of Macao Chinese

Ng, Wai I; Leng, Sok; Li, Xiang; Mao, Zhu

doi:10.3390/ijerph182010737

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Interpretability was found to be good, but a ceiling effect was observed in two subscales, i.e., "doing hands on care" and "experiential knowledge". The two subscales were also found to have the highest mean scores, suggesting that participants had the most confidence in performing such care, which can be attributed to instrumental support being viewed as filial behaviors when parents are at the end of their lives (57). This kind of reciprocal relationship is appreciated in Chinese communities (58, 59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Death Literacy Index: translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Chinese version

Che,

Li,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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ObjectiveApplying public health approaches to address palliative care allows for a broader perspective. The Death Literacy Index (DLI) is a novel instrument designed to assess the knowledge and skills required to access, comprehend, and make informed decisions regarding end-of-life care. Translation of the DLI could strengthen the capacity to build desirable services and policies regarding dying and death. It could also help to identify the barriers to services and future advocacy efforts.MethodsThe DLI was forward translated into Chinese and backward translated through two panels. Two rounds of cognitive interviews and a pilot test were conducted before the survey. A sample of 3,221 participants was recruited via an online survey in five cities in southern China (Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Jiangmen, Hong Kong and Macao) to evaluate the factor structure, validity and reliability of the translated DLI. Additionally, multi-group confirmatory factor analyses (MGCFA) were performed to examine measurement invariance across genders and the experiences of parental death.ResultsExploratory factor analysis showed a six-factor structure for the translated DLI, and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the structure. The overall scale and subscales had high internal consistency and satisfactory validity. The results from MGCFA showed that death literacy was adequately invariant for different genders and experiences of parental death.ConclusionThe Chinese DLI is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring death literacy among people in southern China, and therefore can be used for both research and community practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Death Literacy Index: translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Chinese version

Che,

Li,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…The gender difference may have an impact on the indistinguishable nature of the two dimensions of the DFPM as we originally assumed. On the other hand, gender was not found to be an influencing factor in differentiating dual filial piety representation in our previously reported findings [ 66 ]. Accordingly, the difference between genders regarding filial piety needs to be explored further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Development and Validation of Filial Piety Representations at Parents’ End of Life Scale

Che

et al. 2022

Healthcare

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Filial piety has a long historical standing in Chinese communities. However, the filial piety practices of adult children at the end of a parent’s life are under-explored. This study aims to develop a measurement for filial piety representations of the adult children of Macao Chinese, whose parents are at the stage of end of life. By adopting a scale development and validation framework, a 19-item Filial Piety Representations at Parents’ End of Life Scale (FPR-EoL) was formulated based on a Dual Filial Piety Model and literature, through procedures of item identification, panel review, cognitive interviews, and pre-test. The FPR-EoL was examined on 274 individuals. Factor analysis showed four factors in the scale; respect and comfort, acceptance of death, spending final days, and disclosing bad news. The Cronbach’s alpha of FPR-EoL was 0.73, and the four factors were 0.73, 0.66, 0.58 and 0.77, respectively. Discriminant validity was examined between FPR-EoL, the Good Death Inventory (GDI) and the Filial Piety Scale (FPS). The results suggested that there were differences between the three scales. FPR-EoL is found to be a reliable, valid and novel measure of filial piety representations among Macao Chinese. It may be a potential tool to probe and achieve good death among older persons of Chinese ethnicity in clinical settings.

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“…Primary caregivers of married patients are more likely to be the spouse rather than adult children. Compared with the spouse, adult children should be more motivated to protect the patient with nondisclosure due to the additional requirement of filial piety ( Xiao ) 73 . As a central virtue of Confucianism, filial piety urges Chinese adult children to take care of their parents full heartedly to repay parents' efforts to bring them up 74 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information disclosure to cancer patients in Mainland China: A meta‐analysis

et al. 2023

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Objective This study aims to systematically examine Chinese cancer patients' and families' preferences for information disclosure to the patient, patient awareness, and predictors of patient awareness. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were followed. Web of Science, Scopus, Proquest, Taylor & Francis Online, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched in April 2022 and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database in July 2022 for quantitative studies. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used for quality assessment. Results A total of 22 studies were included, and the average quality score was 0.65/1. Meta‐analyses showed that 89.6% and 81.8% of cancer patients wanted to know their diagnosis and prognosis, respectively. Meanwhile, 50.0% and 32.4% of families prefer diagnosis disclosure and prognosis disclosure to the patient, respectively. Significantly more patients than families favored disclosure to the patient. In reality, only 59.3% of cancer patients know their diagnosis, and 19.9% know their prognosis. For predictors, while patients' gender, cancer type (breast cancer or not), treatment method (operation or other), or complications (yes or no) do not influence diagnosis awareness, being younger, being married, having higher educational attainment, having early‐stage rather than late‐stage cancer, and being in a higher‐grade hospital all predict better chances of knowing a diagnosis. No study explored predictors of patients' prognosis awareness. The findings did not vary according to publication time or sample size. Conclusions Chinese cancer patients are eager to know their diagnosis and prognosis, but families are hesitant about disclosure to the patient, and patients' awareness is low. While cultural, legal, and medical backgrounds lay the foundation for information disclosure in Mainland China, case‐by‐case practical factors also make a difference.

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What Makes Chinese Adult Children Behave Differently during Parents’ End of Life: A Discriminant Analysis of Macao Chinese

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

The Death Literacy Index: translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Chinese version

The Death Literacy Index: translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Chinese version

Development and Validation of Filial Piety Representations at Parents’ End of Life Scale

Information disclosure to cancer patients in Mainland China: A meta‐analysis

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