What makes popcorn pop

Silva, W. J. da; Vidal, Benedicto de Campos; Martins, M. E. Q.; Vargas, H.; Pereira, Cristiana Schettini; Zerbetto, M.; Miranda, L. C. M.

doi:10.1038/362417a0

Cited by 54 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In this way, the increase in the temperature is higher at the surface of the floury seeds. This was reported by Da Silva et al (1993), who found that the values of thermal diffusivity and conductivity are higher the in popcorn pericarp (crystalline seed) than in non-crystalline seeds.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…In the crystalline seed variety V 1CN , l β >l s , so that the incident energy of the laser light, is absorbed within the crystalline seed in less proportion with respect to the absorbed for the floury seed. Moreover, the crystalline seed variety diffuses the heat better, because the molecules are better organized (less amorphous) (Da Silva et al, 1993) and the heat flows better; therefore, at the surface the temperature is lower. The floury seeds diffuse the heat into the seed with more difficulty; therefore, the increase in the temperature is higher at the surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Effects of Laser Irradiation on Maize Seeds

Hernández-Aguilar¹,

Pacheco²,

Orea³

et al. 2015

International Agrophysics

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A b s t r a c t. It is important to know the temperature changes in seeds that have been irradiated with laser light because this could have substantial practical and theoretical importance. Thus, the thermal effects of low intensity laser irradiation on seeds was studied, showing variation of temperature produced by laser light applied during 60 s on two maize seed genotypes, 'Toluqueño' and 'Cacahuazintle': crystalline and floury, respectively, under two different conditions: natural colour and dyed black, evaluating the temperature changes by a thermal camera. The optical absorption spectra and the non-radiative relaxation time of the seeds were obtained using photoacoustic spectroscopy. The results indicate that it is possible to produce temperature changes, detected by an infrared camera, in crystalline and floury seeds when they are irradiated with a laser beam at a 650 nm wavelength and 27.4 mW power. The highest variation of temperature in the seeds was obtained for the black-dyed condition, these variations being 5.56 and 9.28°C for crystalline and floury seeds, respectively. Among the seeds, in the dyed condition, the floury seed had the lower non-radiative relaxation time, the higher optical absorption coefficient and a lower optical penetration length at the laser wavelength (650 nm).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Effects of Laser Irradiation on Maize Seeds

Hernández-Aguilar¹,

Pacheco²,

Orea³

et al. 2015

International Agrophysics

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“…Em fato explica os resultados nas combinações, cujas essas populações não contribuíram para o aumento da CE. Na população ZL, com o maior valor demonstrado para CE, ocorreu um dos menores valores de g i para PG, o que era previsto, em virtude da existência de correlação negativa entre essas características (VERMA e SINGH 1979;DOFING et al, 1991;SILVA et al, 1993;ANDRADE, 1995;SAWAZAKI, 1996;SIMON, 2000;PIPOLO et al, 2002).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Correlação entre heterose e divergência genética estimadas por cruzamentos dialélicos e marcadores moleculares rapd em populações de milho-pipoca

et al. 2007

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Com o objetivo de correlacionar a heterose, estimada através de cruzamentos dialélicos, com a divergência genética obtida pelo uso de marcadores moleculares RAPD, oito populações de milho-pipoca (1-PASHA, 2-PAPA, 3-PAAPC, 4-PO, 5-ZL, 6-CMS 042, 7-RS 20 e 8-CMS 43) foram intercruzadas em esquema dialélico completo, sem recíprocos, no ano agrícola de 2002/2003, gerando 28 híbridos. A avaliação dos híbridos foi realizada no ano agrícola de 2003/2004, em Londrina e Ponta Grossa, PR, em um ensaio com trinta e oito tratamentos, constituídos de vinte e oito combinações híbridas, oito parentais e duas testemunhas (IAC 112 e IAC TC01). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com três repetições. Foram avaliados seis caracteres: massa de grãos, capacidade de expansão, altura de planta, altura de espiga, prolificidade e florescimento feminino. Foi utilizada a técnica de RAPD para a obtenção das estimativas de distâncias genéticas entre as populações. Os resultados inferem em correlações positivas e significativas entre a divergência genética detectada pelos marcadores RAPD e massa de grãos, altura de plantas, altura de espiga e prolificidade, dos vinte e oito híbridos avaliados no dialelo em estudo. Para capacidade de expansão, florescimento e heterose percentual não foi detectada correlação significativa com a divergência genética.

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“…It has hard and small grains, and its main characteristic is that when it is heated to approximately 180 °C, the grain internal moisture exerts pressure on the pericarp, until it breaks, forming the popcorn. This fact may multiply the grain volume up to 40 times, resulting in a tasty food (Zinsly and Machado 1987, Silva et al 1993, Sawazaki 2001, Paes 2006. In Brazil, for popcorn culture, in 2013, it was cultivated 43,379 hectares, and it is expected to produce 171,111 tons of grains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%