What moves the heavens above?

Gaztañaga, E.; Camacho-Quevedo, Benjamin

doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137468

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The smoking gun of the BHU is a cut-off in the spectrum of perturbations, with non-adiabatic perturbations on the largest scales. Both these differences have been detected as anomalies in the CMB and the Hubble tension [20]. If these anomalies are confirmed with upcoming data, this could be a clear indication in favour of the BHU interpretation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

White Holes are Christmas Magic

Gaztañaga¹

2022

Preprint

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In classical General Relativity, White Holes (WH) refer to the time reverse Schwarzschild (SW) Black Hole (BH) solution of a point mass $M$ and gravitational radius $r_S=2GM$. The SW metric is static so that a time reverse WH solution simply corresponds to a violation of causality. The WH solution does not make any physical sense here. For a more physical model, such as the Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) metric with finite mass inside $r_S$, we show that both the expanding and collapsing solutions correspond to a BH and not to a WH.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

White Holes are Christmas Magic

Gaztañaga¹

2022

Preprint

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“…Such super-horizon scales could be related to the so-called CMB anomalies, deviations with respect to inflationary predictions from ΛCDM (see Refs. [26,[55][56][57][58][59][60] and references therein), or the apparent tensions in measurements from different cosmic scales or times [61]. The BHU can also be challenged by a measurement a the DE equation of state ω = −1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Black Hole Universe, Part I

Gaztañaga

2022

Symmetry

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The original Friedmann (1922) and Lemaitre (1927) cosmological model corresponds to a classical solution of General Relativity (GR), with the same uniform (FLRW) metric as the standard cosmology, but bounded to a sphere of radius R and empty space outside. We study the junction conditions for R to show that a co-moving observer, like us, located anywhere inside R, measures the same background and has the same past light-cone as an observer in an infinite FLRW with the same density. We also estimate the mass M inside R and show that in the observed universe R<rS≡2 GM, which corresponds to a Black Hole Universe (BHU). We argue that this original Friedmann–Lemaitre model can explain the observed cosmic acceleration without the need of Dark Energy, because rS acts like a cosmological constant Λ=3/rS2. The same solution can describe the interior of a stellar or galactic BHs. In co-moving coordinates the BHU is expanding while in physical or proper coordinates it is asymptotically static. Such frame duality corresponds to a simple Lorentz transformation. The BHU therefore provides a physical BH solution with an asymptotically deSitter metric interior that merges into a Schwarzschild metric exterior without discontinuities.

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“…• The smoking gun of the BHU is a cut-off in the scale of the largest perturbations which has already been measured in CMB maps (Fosalba & Gaztañaga 2021;Gaztañaga & Camacho-Quevedo 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mass of Our Observable Universe

Gaztañaga¹

2023

Preprint

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The standard Cosmological model (LCDM) assumes that the expanding spacetime around us is infinite, which is inconsistent with the observed cosmic acceleration unless we include Dark Energy (DE) or a Cosmological Constant ($\Lambda$). But the observed cosmic expansion can also be explained with a finite mass $M$, inside a uniform expanding sphere, with empty space outside. An object with mass $M$ has a gravitation radius $r_S=2GM$. When $M$ is all contained within $r_S$, this is a Black Hole (BH). Nothing can escape from $r_S$, which becomes a boundary for the inside dynamics. In the limit where there is nothing outside, the inside corresponds to a local isolated Universe. The $r_S$ boundary condition corresponds to an effective force which is mathematically equivalent to $\Lambda=3/r_S^2$. We can therefore interpret cosmic acceleration as a measurement of the gravitational boundary of our Universe, with a mass $M = \frac{c^2}{2G}\sqrt{3/\Lambda} \simeq 6 \times 10^{22} M_{\odot}$. Such BH Universe (BHU) is observationally very similar to the LCDM, except for the very large scale perturbations, which are bounded by $r_S$.

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What moves the heavens above?

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

White Holes are Christmas Magic

White Holes are Christmas Magic

The Black Hole Universe, Part I

The Mass of Our Observable Universe

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