“…However, we are in agreement with Miller (1994), who indicated that by universally labeling people as codependent, we are stunting our ability to explore alternative explanations and alternative treatments. Several authors who have critiqued the CD concept have suggested other treatment approaches for family members of people with addictions (e.g., Collins, 1993;Frank & Bland, 1992;Krestan & Bepko, 1992;Malloy & Berkery, 1993;Miller, 1994;Noriega et al, 2008;Wright & Wright, 1995), but like the CD literature, they all fail to address the BIC. We recognize there are many challenges in researching the long-term impact of parental behaviors on children.…”