‘What’s the plan?’ ‘What plan?’ Changing aspirations among Gypsy youngsters, and implications for future cultural identities and group membership

Vision and Hearing Health Inequities in the Roma population: A National Cross-Sectional Study in Spain

“…Los alumnos y alumnas romaníes poseen un nivel curricular que no les permite seguir y participar normalmente en las clases, lo que les aburre y les hace sentirse avergonzados por su nivel curricular (Fernández 2006). Como ocurre en otros contextos (Danaher, Coombes, y Kiddle, 2007;Levinson, 2015) esta situación justifica que una parte de los profesores mantengan actitudes estereotipadas y bajas expectativas hacia este alumnado.…”

Why do most Gitano/Romani students not complete compulsory secondary education in Spain? Uncovering the view of the educational community using concept mapping

“…One encompasses cultural and gender issues within the family setting that encourage school dropout, especially among girls [11]. A second cluster concerns the motivation and educational orientation of the students within the opportunity environment of the region.…”

Exploring the Intercultural Identity of Slovak-Roma Schoolchildren in the UK

“…In the case of the Roma, the question of 'who they really are' has been the subject of a number of studies (see McGarry & Agarin 2014;Levinson 2014). In an early attempt to differentiate between the various travelling subcultures, Vesey-Fitzgerald (1973) makes a clear distinction between Roma and Irish Travellers as two groups with markedly different attributes.…”

“…An oft-repeated explanation for the position of the Roma is an anachronous attitude which privileges Roma ethnicity above all else and represents it as unrealistically homogenous (Levinson 2014;Engebrigtsen 2011). This attitude, although perhaps born from an ideological aspiration to respect and preserve a minority ethnicity (see Nistor et al 2014), paradoxically could serve to reinforce an outdated sense of enclosed and immutable otherness.…”

“…Whilst this broad distinction still holds, evidenced by the Ethnicity Codes in use today in the UK, the term 'Roma' is used almost arbitrarily interchangeably with terms such as 'Gypsy' which is widely seen to be politically incorrect (Hancock 2002). European policy documents state that the term "Roma" is commonly used as an umbrella term encompassing other groups such as Gypsies, Travellers and Sinti, and GRT (Gypsy/Roma/Traveller) is currently the term used in UK policy documents (Levinson 2014) to represent communities which, although may be seen as similar, actually have quite distinctive origins, histories and cultural practices. To conflate these is surely an obfuscation of any inquiry into identity and yet, despite attempts to move away from it, this conflation perpetuates even in very contemporary writing.…”