What the Gut Can Teach Us About Migraine

Hindiyeh, Nada; Aurora, Sheena K.

doi:10.1007/s11916-015-0501-4

Cited by 41 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…A number of the brain functions such as cognition, behavior and even nociception are under the influence of the gut system [5,6]. The dysfunction of the gut-brain axis has been implicated in a number of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, mood and anxiety disorders, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and migraine [5,6]. Figure 1 depicts the mechanisms of the bidirectional relationship between the gut and the brain in migraine (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut-brain Axis and migraine headache: a comprehensive review

et al. 2020

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The terminology "gut-brain axis "points out a bidirectional relationship between the GI system and the central nervous system (CNS). To date, several researches have shown that migraine is associated with some gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and celiac disease (CD). The present review article aims to discuss the direct and indirect evidence suggesting relationships between migraine and the gut-brain axis. However, the mechanisms explaining how the gut and the brain may interact in patients with migraine are not entirely clear. Studies suggest that this interaction seems to be influenced by multiple factors such as inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), gut microbiota profile, neuropeptides and serotonin pathway, stress hormones and nutritional substances. Neuropeptides including CGRP, SP, VIP, NPY are thought to have antimicrobial impact on a variety of the gut bacterial strains and thus speculated to be involved in the bidirectional relationship between the gut and the brain. According to the current knowledge, migraine headache in patients harboring HP might be improved following the bacteria eradication. Migraineurs with long headache history and high headache frequency have a higher chance of being diagnosed with IBS. IBS and migraine share some similarities and can alter gut microflora composition and thereby may affect the gut-brain axis and inflammatory status. Migraine has been also associated with CD and the condition should be searched particularly in patients with migraine with occipital and parieto-occipital calcification at brain neuroimaging. In those patients, gluten-free diet can also be effective in reducing migraine frequency. It has also been proposed that migraine may be improved by dietary approaches with beneficial effects on gut microbiota and gut-brain axis including appropriate consumption of fiber per day, adhering to a low glycemic index diet, supplementation with vitamin D, omega-3 and probiotics as well as weight loss dietary plans for overweight and obese patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut-brain Axis and migraine headache: a comprehensive review

et al. 2020

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“…The rest, about 23% (105) of the sample had GERD as the cause for headache and nearing 15% (67) had Migraine as their cause of headache, as shown in Figure 2. This fact also once again proves that there is a strong interlink existing between GERD and Migraine and superimposition of GERD over Migraine (2,15,33,46) . All the patients were then advised management in the form of oral medications and lifestyle modifications.…”

Section: Discussion and Conclusion:-mentioning

confidence: 54%

Case Study of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (Gerd) v/ S Migraine: Do They Mingle or Is It a Myth.

MS¹

2017

IJAR

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Introduction: Over the years, there has been a dilemma regarding arriving at a diagnosis for headache pertaining to its variety of causes. One of the most common overlooked cause in the present day scenario for headache is GERD and Migraine. On day to day basis, we come across varied patient symptomatology which has indeed made us give a second thought to prescribe on management. Aim and Objective: To study if GERD and Migraine actually co-exist or they have a separate root cause for headache and also how change in lifestyle has an impact on health. Methodology: A study of random sample of 450 patients was conducted based on clinical evaluation for diagnosis and conservative management for the same was advised emphasising particularly on lifestyle modification. Results:The results drawn were compared by tabulating them into 3 groups with the two conditions taken as a separate entity and third when the two being mingled to conclude if interlink exists between the two conditions or purely is it a myth. Conclusion: Intermingling of GERD and Migraine was noted predominantly in our study rather than their separate existence.

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“…Enhanced pro-inflammatory immune responses have been reported with intestinal disorders associated with dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability (just like IBS and celiac disease) as well as in migraine patients [4]. Evidence suggests that alterations in gut microbiota could be a potent mediator in migraine [5]; this might explain, at least partly, the current study results. We are, definitely, what we eat!…”

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confidence: 51%