What the Latest Evidence Tells Us About Fat and Cardiovascular Health

Hayes, Joy; Benson, Gretchen

doi:10.2337/diaspect.29.3.171

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It is difficult to explain the observed lower level of 1,5-AG in the Ex-diet group compared to the C-diet group of this study, as it has been found that consuming vegetable oils high in LA (like the Ex-diet group) improves insulin sensitivity contributing to a more stable glucose level [ 51 ]. A recent metabolomics study with HND vs. average Danish diet also identified 1,5-AG at lower levels in the intervention group in relation to weight loss [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of changing from a diet with saturated fat to a diet with n-6 polyunsaturated fat on the serum metabolome in relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors

et al. 2022

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Purpose Replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the changes in the serum metabolome after this replacement is not well known. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the metabolites differentiating diets where six energy percentage SFA is replaced with PUFA and to elucidate the association of dietary metabolites with cardiometabolic risk markers. Methods In an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, 99 moderately hyper-cholesterolemic adults (25–70 years) were assigned to a control diet (C-diet) or an experimental diet (Ex-diet). Both groups received commercially available food items with different fatty acid compositions. In the Ex-diet group, products were given where SFA was replaced mostly with n-6 PUFA. Fasting serum samples were analysed by untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). Pre-processed data were analysed by double cross-validated Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to detect features differentiating the two diet groups. Results PLS-DA differentiated the metabolic profiles of the Ex-diet and the C-diet groups with an area under the curve of 0.83. The Ex-diet group showed higher levels of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine plasmalogens, an unsaturated acylcarnitine, and a secondary bile acid. The C-diet group was characterized by odd-numbered phospholipids and a saturated acylcarnitine. The Principal Component analysis scores of the serum metabolic profiles characterizing the diets were significantly associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels but not with glycaemia. Conclusion The serum metabolic profiles confirmed the compliance of the participants based on their diet-specific metabolome after replacing SFA with mostly n-6 PUFA. The participants' metabolic profiles in response to the change in diet were associated with cardiovascular disease risk markers. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT 01679496 on September 6th 2012.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of changing from a diet with saturated fat to a diet with n-6 polyunsaturated fat on the serum metabolome in relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors

et al. 2022

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“…Indeed, in particular, the upregulated levels of TG(44:0) show positive correlation with high cardiac output measurements (Ao VTI, Ao CO and Cardiac Index). However, a persistent enrichment in TG with saturated FA may ultimately have detrimental effects and contribute to heart failure 68 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a persistent enrichment in TG with saturated FA may ultimately have detrimental effects and contribute to heart failure. 68 Coenzyme Q9, a member of the ubiquinone family that is predominantly expressed in the heart and kidney, 69 has an important function as intracellular antioxidant. In addition to its intrinsic antioxidant capacity, coenzyme Q9 also serves as regulator of coenzyme Q10, 70 another potent antioxidant.…”

Section: G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbations in lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition precede cardiac dysfunction in a mouse model of thalassemia

Liu,

Fillebeen,

Forest

et al. 2023

The FASEB Journal

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Cardiomyopathy is a major complication of thalassemia, yet the precise underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We examined whether altered lipid metabolism is an early driving factor in the development of cardiomyopathy using the Th3/+ mouse model of thalassemia. At age 20 weeks, male and female Th3/+ mice manifested anemia and iron overload; however, only males displayed metabolic defects and altered cardiac function. Untargeted lipidomics indicated that the circulating levels of 35 lipid species were significantly altered in Th3/+ mice compared to wild‐type controls: triglycerides (TGs) with saturated fatty acids (FAs; TG42:0 and TG44:0) were elevated, while TGs with unsaturated FAs (TG(18:2_20:5_18:2 and TG54:8)) were reduced. Similarly, phosphatidylcholines (PCs) with long chain FAs (palmitic (16:0) or oleic (18:1)) were increased, while PCs with polyunsaturated FAs decreased. Circulating PC(16:0_14:0), GlcCer(d18:1/24:0) correlated significantly with iron overload and cardiac hypertrophy. 16S rRNA gene profiling revealed alterations in the intestinal microbiota of Th3/+ mice. Differentially abundant bacterial genera correlated with PC(39:6), PC(18:1_22:6), GlcCer(d18:1/24:1) and CE(14:0). These results provide new knowledge on perturbations in lipid metabolism and the gut microbiota of Th3/+ mice and identify specific factors which may represent early biomarkers or therapeutic targets to prevent development of cardiomyopathy in β‐thalassemia.

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“…The total PUFAs and MUFAs in T. pedataseed kernel oil were found to be about 49%. These FAs are considered to be healthier in comparison to SFAs [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Properties, Fatty Acids Composition and Antioxidant Potential of the Seed Kernel Oil of Oysternut (Telfairia pedata) Found in Kenya

Isaiah¹,

Onyari²,

Omosa³

2021

EJMP

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Aim: Certain edible plant sources contain vegetable oils that have been under-exploited both commercially and in research. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical properties, fatty acids composition, and antioxidant potential of the oil from the seed kernels of Telfairiapedata, which are used as food by the local population of Tharaka-Nithi County in Kenya. Materials and Methods: Telfairia pedata seeds were collected from farmers in the county of Tharaka-Nithi, Kenya. n-Hexane was used to extract the oil via soxhlet extraction. Standard laboratory protocols were used to characterize the oil’s physicochemical properties, while fatty acids composition and antioxidant potential were characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, respectively. Results: The seed kernels of Telfairia pedata yielded more than 66% of oil. The oil’s physicochemical properties were found to be within the Food and Agriculture Organization set limits and were as follows; moisture content (0.0592±0.0140%), peroxide value (0.9641±0.2021 meq O2/Kg), iodine value (23.0058±2.2473 gI2/100g) and acid value (0.6352±0.0330 mg KOH/g). Fatty acids such as myristic acid (14:0; 0.11%), palmitoleic acid (16:1n7; 0.13%), palmitic acid (16:0; 34.97%), margaric acid (17:0; 0.10%), linoleic acid (18:2n6; 48.46%), stearic acid (18:0; 15.33%), 10,13-octadecadienoic acid (18:2n5; 0.09%), 18-methylnonadecanoic acid (20:0; 0.68%), and behenic acid (22:0; 0.14%) were found in the oil. The antioxidant potential of the oil expressed in IC50 was found to be 18.05 mg/mL, in relation to that of ascorbic acid 2.406 mg/mL. Conclusions: Telfairia pedata seed kernel oil can be economical to exploit commercially due to its relatively high yield. The determined properties of Telfairiapedata seed kernel oil present high nutritive value making the oil fit for edible applications.

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What the Latest Evidence Tells Us About Fat and Cardiovascular Health

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of changing from a diet with saturated fat to a diet with n-6 polyunsaturated fat on the serum metabolome in relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors

Effects of changing from a diet with saturated fat to a diet with n-6 polyunsaturated fat on the serum metabolome in relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors

Perturbations in lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition precede cardiac dysfunction in a mouse model of thalassemia

Physicochemical Properties, Fatty Acids Composition and Antioxidant Potential of the Seed Kernel Oil of Oysternut (Telfairia pedata) Found in Kenya

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