What will I be when I grow up? The impact of gender identity threat on adolescents' occupational preferences

Sinclair, Samantha; Carlsson, Rickard

doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.02.001

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Likewise, men are supposed to be more rational and mathematical and women more nurturing and verbal (Jacobs et al 2002;Parsons and Bales 1955). According to gender socialisation theories (Fagot, Rodgers, and Leinbach 2000), adolescents internalise these gender role expectations in their gender ideology and conform to the behavioural prescriptions of their gender category because doing so confirms their identity (Akerlof and Kranton 2000;Sinclair and Carlsson 2013). Similarly, not conforming to internalised gender role expectations leads to uncertainty and guilt, which they will try to avoid.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Boys’ and girls’ educational choices in secondary education. The role of gender ideology

Vleuten

Jaspers

Maas

et al. 2016

Educational Studies

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Boys’ and girls’ educational choices in secondary education. The role of gender ideology

Vleuten

Jaspers

Maas

et al. 2016

Educational Studies

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“…Non‐US samples with females are less frequent, but do exist and show some notable results. In a recent study with Swedish eight‐graders (Sinclair & Carlsson, ) there were no gender differences in threat compensation, suggesting that further investigation of threat to feminine gender identity is warranted.…”

Section: Generalization Of Threat Compensation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…To induce a threat to gender identity, we used a procedure that is based on ease of retrieval (see Schwarz, Bless, Strack, Klumpp, Rittenauer‐Schatka & Simons, ), and that has previously been used to induce gender identity threat (Sinclair & Carlsson, ; Weaver et al ., ). When retrieval from memory is facilitated, one generally concludes that the trait in question is common.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The focus on primarily masculine domains may result in hasty conclusions of women as less susceptible to gender identity threats. In contrast to the masculinity threat perspective however, a study of Swedish adolescents (Sinclair & Carlsson, ) found that male and female adolescents alike tended to prefer gender‐typed occupations when exposed to a gender identity threat. This suggests that, at least in some contexts, females will defend their gender status as much as males (or more), and that women's susceptibility to gender identity threat should be investigated further.…”

Section: Threatened Womanhoodmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Getting along or ahead: Effects of gender identity threat on communal and agentic self‐presentations

Sinclair

Carlsson

Björklund

2016

Scandinavian J Psychology

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When faced with a threat to gender identity, people may try to restore their gender status by acting in a more gender-typical manner. The present research investigated effects of gender identity threat on self-presentations of agentic and communal traits in a Swedish and an Argentine sample (N = 242). Under threat (vs. affirmation), Swedish women deemphasized agentic traits (d [95% CI] = -0.41 [-0.93, 0.11]), Argentine women increased their emphasis on communal traits (d = 0.44 [-0.08, 0.97]), and Argentine men increased their emphasis on agentic traits (d = 0.49 [-0.03, 1.01]). However, Swedish men did not appear to be affected by the threat regarding agentic (d = 0.04 [-0.47, 0.55]) or communal traits (d = 0.23 [-0.29, 0.74]). The findings are to be considered tentative. Implications for identity threat research are discussed.

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“…Sinclair and Carlsson (2013) found that there was a substantial difference in the occupational preferences of boys and girls and highlight that construction workers are predominantly male, and healthcare workers female. An Irish study using a quantitative design of time-use found that there were differences in how teenage boys and girls spent their time (Hunt et al, 2014).…”

Section: Gender and Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Expectations of choice: an exploration of how social context informs gendered occupation

Brennan¹,

Gallagher

2017

IJOT

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Purpose Occupational choice describes the process that leads to occupational engagement as a result of intrinsic and extrinsic influences. There has been a considerable amount of research concerning occupational choice, gender and adolescence. However, this has largely focused on the areas of career choice and engagement in risky health behaviours. This paper aims to expand on the literature by providing a broader scope of occupation more aligned with the concept associated with occupational science. Furthering this, the researcher aims to examine the influence of gender as an extrinsic influence on occupational choice. The researcher aims to explore how contextual influences inform gendered occupational choice. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory qualitative approach was used in the current study. Incorporating photographs as a means of elucidating conversation during the interview process, photo-elicitation interview techniques were used as part of the data collection. This involved using a collection of photographs to prompt participants to discuss their interpretations of various occupations. Six adolescent boys and girls aged 11-14 years participated in the study. Participants were recruited from mixed-gendered sports clubs in the West of Ireland. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. An occupational justice perspective was used to interpret the data. Findings Responses suggest that gender informs occupational choice through different mechanisms. These included social systems, physical and institutional opportunities as well as expectations participants held of themselves and others they considered to be within their social grouping. Social systems included groups such as friends and family. The ease of access to physical and institutional resources was another factor that informed choice. Participants projected views of expectations they perceived others held for them informed how the participants made their choices. These factors varied across gender. Despite opportunities being available to both sexes, choices were often restricted to particular occupations. Originality/value The findings suggest that factors informing the occupational choices of adolescents included a combination of intrinsic factors such as gender and perspectives, as well as external factors including peers, family and opportunities in the local community. Practical applications of this involve acknowledging and further understanding the contextually situated nature of choice to provide more equitable practice. The results of the study may provide more insight into the factors that enable and inhibit occupation. A further understanding of these influences can redirect how we view adolescent occupations in a way that promotes health.

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What will I be when I grow up? The impact of gender identity threat on adolescents' occupational preferences

Cited by 38 publications

References 53 publications

Boys’ and girls’ educational choices in secondary education. The role of gender ideology

Boys’ and girls’ educational choices in secondary education. The role of gender ideology

Getting along or ahead: Effects of gender identity threat on communal and agentic self‐presentations

Expectations of choice: an exploration of how social context informs gendered occupation

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