Wheat MADS box genes, a multigene family dispersed throughout the genome.

Murai, Koji; Murai, Rika; Ogihara, Yasunari

doi:10.1266/ggs.72.317

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Transcripts of AP1 were also detected in the leaves, as reported for WAP1 (26) and BM5 (28). A quantitative PCR experiment using the endogenous controls actin (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Positional cloning of the wheat vernalization gene VRN1

Yan

Loukoianov

Tranquilli

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,262

1,181

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Winter wheats require several weeks at low temperature to flower. This process, vernalization, is controlled mainly by the VRN1 gene. Using 6,190 gametes, we found VRN1 to be completely linked to MADS-box genes AP1 and AGLG1 in a 0.03-centimorgan interval flanked by genes Cysteine and Cytochrome B5. No additional genes were found between the last two genes in the 324-kb Triticum monococcum sequence or in the colinear regions in rice and sorghum. Wheat AP1 and AGLG1 genes were similar to Arabidopsis meristem identity genes AP1 and AGL2, respectively. AP1 transcription was regulated by vernalization in both apices and leaves, and the progressive increase of AP1 transcription was consistent with the progressive effect of vernalization on flowering time. Vernalization was required for AP1 transcription in apices and leaves in winter wheat but not in spring wheat. AGLG1 transcripts were detected during spike differentiation but not in vernalized apices or leaves, suggesting that AP1 acts upstream of AGLG1. No differences were detected between genotypes with different VRN1 alleles in the AP1 and AGLG1 coding regions, but three independent deletions were found in the promoter region of AP1. These results suggest that AP1 is a better candidate for VRN1 than AGLG1. The epistatic interactions between vernalization genes VRN1 and VRN2 suggested a model in which VRN2 would repress directly or indirectly the expression of AP1. A mutation in the promoter region of AP1 would result in the lack of recognition of the repressor and in a dominant spring growth habit.

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“…Transcripts of AP1 were also detected in the leaves, as reported for WAP1 (26) and BM5 (28). A quantitative PCR experiment using the endogenous controls actin (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Positional cloning of the wheat vernalization gene VRN1

Yan

Loukoianov

Tranquilli

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,262

1,181

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“…In this study, we used two approaches to identify MADS-box genes from wheat. The first consisted of using specific primers to amplify the TaMADS#11 gene (Murai et al, 1998) and then screen a cDNA library with the amplified product. This approach allowed the identification of six homologs of TaMADS#11, and the longest one was completely sequenced (accession no.…”

Section: Molecular Analyses and Mapping Of Tavrt-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poly(A ϩ ) RNA was isolated from cold-acclimated winter wheat cv Fredrick (Danyluk and Sarhan, 1990) and reverse-transcribed with a first-strand cDNA synthesis kit (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). PCR was performed using the TaMADS#11 (Murai et al, 1998)-specific primers 5Ј-gcagctgaagcggatcgagaacaaga-3Ј and 5Ј-ggagggaaactggggtggacaaagtg-3Ј, Taq DNA polymerase (Amersham Biosciences, Uppsala), and 5% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide. The correct 900-bp fragment was amplified and subcloned in pSTblue1 plasmid (Novagen, Madison, WI).…”

Section: Cloning Strategy Of Tavrt-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

TaVRT-1, a Putative Transcription Factor Associated with Vegetative to Reproductive Transition in Cereals

et al. 2003

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The molecular genetics of vernalization, defined as the promotion of flowering by cold treatment, is still poorly understood in cereals. To better understand this mechanism, we cloned and characterized a gene that we named TaVRT-1 (wheat [Triticum aestivum] vegetative to reproductive transition-1). Molecular and sequence analyses indicated that this gene encodes a protein homologous to the MADS-box family of transcription factors that comprises certain flowering control proteins in Arabidopsis. Mapping studies have localized this gene to the Vrn-1 regions on the long arms of homeologous group 5 chromosomes, regions that are associated with vernalization and freezing tolerance (FT) in wheat. The level of expression of TaVRT-1 is positively associated with the vernalization response and transition from vegetative to reproductive phase and is negatively associated with the accumulation of COR genes and degree of FT. Comparisons among different wheat genotypes, near-isogenic lines, and cereal species, which differ in their vernalization response and FT, indicated that the gene is inducible only in those species that require vernalization, whereas it is constitutively expressed in spring habit genotypes. In addition, experiments using both the photoperiod-sensitive barley (Hordeum vulgare cv Dicktoo) and short or long day de-acclimated wheat revealed that the expression of TaVRT-1 is also regulated by photoperiod. These expression studies indicate that photoperiod and vernalization may regulate this gene through separate pathways. We suggest that TaVRT-1 is a key developmental gene in the regulatory pathway that controls the transition from the vegetative to reproductive phase in cereals.Freezing tolerance (FT) in cereals is dependent upon a highly integrated system of structural, regulatory, and developmental genes. The development of maximum low-temperature (LT) tolerance is known to be associated with two important developmentally controlled adaptive features (Mahfoozi et al., 2001a). The first is a vernalization requirement that delays heading by postponing the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase. The second is a photoperiod requirement that allows the plant to flower only when exposed to optimal inducing conditions. Time sequence studies have shown that LT-induced gene expression is also developmentally regulated (Fowler et al., 1996a(Fowler et al., , 1996b. In these studies, transition from the vegetative to the reproductive growth phase can be perceived as a critical switch that initiates the down-regulation of LTinduced genes (Fowler et al., 1996a(Fowler et al., , 1996b(Fowler et al., , 2001Mahfoozi et al., 2001aMahfoozi et al., , 2001b. As a result, full expression of cold hardiness genes only occurs in the vegetative phase, and plants in the reproductive phase have a limited ability to cold acclimate. In addition, plants that are still in the vegetative phase have the ability to re-acclimate following periods of exposure to warm temperatures, whereas plants in the reproductive phase ...

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“…The resultant contigs were then clustered using the BLAST method, as indicated in the Wgure against pathogen attack; Thomson et al 1999) plant stresses were detected. Furthermore, transcription factors that regulate plant development, such as MADSbox gene (Murai et al 1997), JUMONJI and SWIRM (chromosomal proteins with chromatin-modifying activities; Arabind and Iyer 2002) were also present in the data pool of wheat-speciWc genes. In addition, 5 hormone-responsive genes and 40 stressrelated genes were conWrmed in the wheat-speciWc gene data pool.…”

Section: Characterization Of Wheat-speciwc Transcriptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue expression map of a large number of expressed sequence tags and its application to in silico screening of stress response genes in common wheat

et al. 2006

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In order to assess global changes in gene expression patterns in stress-induced tissues, we conducted large-scale analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in common wheat. Twenty-one cDNA libraries derived from stress-induced tissues, such as callus, as well as liquid cultures and abiotic stress conditions (temperature treatment, desiccation, photoperiod, moisture and ABA) were constructed. Several thousand colonies were randomly selected from each of these 21 cDNA libraries and sequenced from both the 5' and 3' ends. By computing abundantly expressed ESTs, correlated expression patterns of genes across the tissues were monitored. Furthermore, the relationships between gene expression profiles among the stress-induced tissues were inferred from the gene expression patterns. Multi-dimensional analysis of EST data is analogous to microarray experiments. As an example, genes specifically induced and/or suppressed by cold acclimation and heat-shock treatments were selected in silico. Four hundred and ninety genes showing fivefold induction or 218 genes for suppression in comparison to the control expression level were selected. These selected genes were annotated with the BLAST search. Furthermore, gene ontology was conducted for these genes with the InterPro search. Because genes regulated in response to temperature treatment were successfully selected, this method can be applied to other stress-treated tissues. Then, the method was applied to screen genes in response to abiotic stresses such as drought and ABA treatments. In silico selection of screened genes from virtual display should provide a powerful tool for functional plant genomics.

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Wheat MADS box genes, a multigene family dispersed throughout the genome.

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Positional cloning of the wheat vernalization gene VRN1

Positional cloning of the wheat vernalization gene VRN1

TaVRT-1, a Putative Transcription Factor Associated with Vegetative to Reproductive Transition in Cereals

Tissue expression map of a large number of expressed sequence tags and its application to in silico screening of stress response genes in common wheat

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