When an invasive plant fails to invade

Young, Stephen L.

doi:10.1890/1540-9295-13.8.450

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Extreme weather events can destabilize agricultural systems, compromising crop defenses and creating niches that allow pests and weeds to establish themselves (128); however, weather extremes may also pose threats to pests and invasive plants, sometimes even boosting the competitive ability of crops (147). In addition to the effects of a changing climate, agronomists anticipate that increasing CO 2 concentrations will lead to complex changes in the composition of weeds and the strength of plant defenses against pests and pathogens (33, 152).…”

Section: Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Global Food Systems: Potential Impacts on Food Security and Undernutrition

Myers

Smith

Guth

et al. 2017

Annu. Rev. Public Health

736

365

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Great progress has been made in addressing global undernutrition over the past several decades, in part because of large increases in food production from agricultural expansion and intensification. Food systems, however, face continued increases in demand and growing environmental pressures. Most prominently, human-caused climate change will influence the quality and quantity of food we produce and our ability to distribute it equitably. Our capacity to ensure food security and nutritional adequacy in the face of rapidly changing biophysical conditions will be a major determinant of the next century's global burden of disease. In this article, we review the main pathways by which climate change may affect our food production systems-agriculture, fisheries, and livestock-as well as the socioeconomic forces that may influence equitable distribution.

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Section: Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Global Food Systems: Potential Impacts on Food Security and Undernutrition

Myers

Smith

Guth

et al. 2017

Annu. Rev. Public Health

736

365

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“…In some instances, weather extremes can weaken crop defences and create niches for pests and weed outbreaks ( Rosenzweig et al, 2001 ). In other cases, extreme events can reduce pests and weeds, and as such support crop establishment and growth ( Young, 2015 ). Recent intense desert locust outbreaks across East Africa, Asia and the Middle East have been linked to a series of cyclones causing warm and wet conditions ( Salih et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Exposure Of Human and Natural Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of climate change on the livestock food supply chain; a review of the evidence

Godde

Mason-D’Croz

Mayberry

et al. 2021

Global Food Security

340

110

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The potential impacts of climate change on current livestock systems worldwide are a major concern, and yet the topic is covered to a limited extent in global reports such as the ones produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In this article, we review the risk of climate-related impacts along the land-based livestock food supply chain. Although a quantification of the net impacts of climate change on the livestock sector is beyond the reach of our current understanding, there is strong evidence that there will be impacts throughout the supply chain, from farm production to processing operations, storage, transport, retailing and human consumption. The risks of climate-related impacts are highly context-specific but expected to be higher in environments that are already hot and have limited socio-economic and institutional resources for adaptation. Large uncertainties remain as to climate futures and the exposure and responses of the interlinked human and natural systems to climatic changes over time. Consequently, adaptation choices will need to account for a wide range of possible futures, including those with low probability but large consequences.

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“…Seed is the primary mechanism sustaining musk thistle invasions, and the presence of natural predators introduced in the invaded range may be limiting rapid range expansion (Marchetto et al 2014). The resilience of musk thistle to compete for resources and exhibit a high level of plasticity in response to climate (Young 2015) is as important as its ability to produce copious amounts of seed in invaded areas even in the presence of biological control agents. The high degree of adaptability of musk thistle to variations in the environment could be a key feature of its invasiveness.…”

Section: Invasion-factor Framework: Categorization For Three Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the midwestern United States, musk thistle establishes in warm- and cool-season perennial grasslands when a niche is created (e.g., by overgrazing), yet Han and Young (2016) found this was not the case during extreme drought. Light availability and early-season moisture were adequate in the slowly wilting grass-dominated canopy, which may have caused musk thistle plants to bolt, but eventually all plants of the invader died without producing a single inflorescence (Young 2015). In this case, the invasion process for musk thistle was brought to a halt due to extreme drought, suggesting that plasticity is not always beneficial when conditions change abruptly.…”

Section: Invasion-factor Framework: Categorization For Three Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some instances, a knowledge gap may exist due to an absence of studies (e.g., atmospheric CO 2 concentration as a climate factor for the three example invasive plant species), while additional research may be needed for finer geographic variations overlooked at coarser scales. We believe that none of the three factors can be neglected or studied in isolation and more integrated research is needed, such as Young (2015), who documented that invasion failure by musk thistle was due to a lack of plasticity (invader fitness) in a native perennial grassland (ecosystem resistance) during extreme drought (climate dynamics). These types of empirical studies can be used as examples for developing invasion-factor framework models beyond what we have presented here in providing a visual invasive plant snapshot that can guide research and the implementation of successful management strategies.…”

Section: Using the Invasion-factor Framework To Measure Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate Dynamics, Invader Fitness, and Ecosystem Resistance in an Invasion-Factor Framework

Young

Clements

DiTommaso

2017

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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As researchers and land managers increasingly seek to understand plant invasions and the external (climate) and internal (plant genetics) conditions that govern the process, new insight is helping to answer the elusive question of what makes some invasions successful and others not. Plant invasion success or failure is based on a combination of evolutionary and ecological processes. Abiotic (e.g., climate) and biotic (e.g., plant competition) conditions in the environment and plant genetics (e.g., fitness) combine in either decreasing or increasing invasion, yet it has proven challenging to know exactly which of these conditions leads to success for a given species, even when a wealth of empirical data is available. Further, current regional distribution models for invasive plant species rarely consider biotic and fitness interactions, instead focusing primarily on abiotic conditions. The crucial role of all three factors (climate dynamics, invader fitness, and ecosystem resistance) must not be ignored. Here we construct a three-factor invasion framework from which we develop conceptual models using empirical studies for yellow starthistle, nonnative common reed, and musk thistle, three dissimilar but commonly occurring invasive plant species in North America. We identify how components of the invasion process-rapid population increase, established local dominance, and rapid range expansion-are influenced by ecosystem resistance, invader fitness, and/or climate dynamics, a set of broadly defined factors for each of the three invasive plant species. Our framework can be used to (1) establish research priorities, (2) address gaps in theoretical understanding, and (3) identify invasion process components that can be targeted to improve management. Building on previous models, our unifying framework, which can be used for assessing any invasive plant species having sufficient empirical data, simultaneously shows the influence of ecosystem resistance, invader fitness, and climate dynamics factors on the invasion process. Nomenclature: Common reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.; musk thistle, Carduus nutans L.; yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L.

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When an invasive plant fails to invade

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Climate Change and Global Food Systems: Potential Impacts on Food Security and Undernutrition

Climate Change and Global Food Systems: Potential Impacts on Food Security and Undernutrition

Impacts of climate change on the livestock food supply chain; a review of the evidence

Climate Dynamics, Invader Fitness, and Ecosystem Resistance in an Invasion-Factor Framework

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