When Corruption Gets in the Way

Sabic-El-Rayess, Amra

doi:10.2753/eue1056-4934450201

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Educational corruption first emerged as a notable area of research in the early 2000s when researchers began to look into inefficiencies and problems in education systems created by individuals who engaged in corruption, which we define as the abuse of authority for monetary benefit, professional prestige, or other non-pecuniary benefits to themselves or to groups to which they belong and whose interests they wish to advance (Heyneman, 2020;Sabic-El-Rayess, 2013). This more expansive definition of corruption has resulted from the growing awareness that individuals do not engage in corruption solely for their own benefit but often to advance their group's interests and strengthen its position of power, which in return shields the individual's own privileged status and continues to enable corrupt behavior (Sabic-El-Rayess & Mansur, 2016).…”

Section: What Is Corruption and What Forms Does It Take?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a public believes that the education system is rigged against the students who are hardworking, the role of credentials in signaling competence becomes degraded. This negatively affects social cohesion, stability, and overall development (Heyneman, 2002(Heyneman, -2003(Heyneman, , 2003(Heyneman, , 2011Sabic-El-Rayess, 2009, 2013, 2016aSabic-El-Rayess & Mansur, 2016;Temple & Petrov, 2004). Concerns with corrupt systems can trigger frustrations among youths, where, due to the lack of employment or familial and social connections to move up the societal ladder, they instead turn to self-isolation and radicalization, with adverse impact for long-term security and development (Sabic-El-Rayess, 2016b, 2020b, 2020c.…”

Section: Individual and Societal Effects Of Corruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the Bologna Process that calls for greater transparency created a perception of lesser corruption among students at reforming higher education institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sabic-El-Rayess, 2013). Using the funding of the international aid agencies to bring back members of diaspora as visiting faculty members may help initiate a change within local institutions and environments impaired by brain drain (Sabic-El-Rayess, 2013). When hope in reforms fails, youths in corrupt systems cope in silence, relying on their own resilience via "internal voice" and "mental exit" (Sabic-El-Rayess, 2014).…”

Section: How Do We Address Corruption?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As its systems collapsed, newly forming post-conflict and post-communist nations emerged, lacking legal frameworks and supervisory mechanisms and thus becoming highly susceptible to corruption (Moratti & Sabic-El-Rayess, 2009;Sabic-El-Rayess, 2009Sabic-El-Rayess & Mansur, 2016). Studies on educational institutions in the former Soviet Union, Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Sub-Saharan Africa (Heyneman, 2004(Heyneman, , 2007(Heyneman, , 2011a(Heyneman, , 2011bOsipian, 2012;Sabic-El-Rayess, 2011, 2013, 2016aSabic-El-Rayess & Mansur, 2016;Silova et al, 2007;Transparency International, 2005, 2013 show the extent to which corruption adversely impacts merited mobility in education both for students and faculty members; how corruption can endanger the quality of teaching, learning, motivation, and participation in education; how it can increase the costs and disrupt the signaling feature of the academic credentials in the labor markets; and the extent to which it can damage national development when it becomes a norm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heyneman et al (2008) similarly confirm that very few students are inclined to report corruption. To illustrate, in Bosnia and Herzegovina's higher education institutions (Sabic-El-Rayess, 2011, 2013, 88.7% of the surveyed students knew corruption existed there, but nearly 60% said they would not leave their institutions because of the complexity and cost of transfer as well as the other institutions' comparable levels of corruption. These studies report that less than 10% of students would complain to faculty and nearly half would limit their action to only quietly complaining to those closest to them rather than seeking to meaningfully address corruption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Education and Corruption

Sabic-El-Rayess¹,

Heyneman²

2020

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education

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Corruption is a societal problem which adversely affects nations’ efforts to improve lives of their citizens. It is normally thought to be centered on government procurement, taxation, and legal decisions and not in education. But it is a problem in education. How serious is it? The difficulty of responding to this question is that corruption in education, as with all illegal and unprofessional activities, is difficult to accurately measure. This limits researchers to predicting institutional and systemic levels of corruption by relying primarily on individual perceptions. Measuring direct experience with corruption is more difficult and hence more rare. Since 1993, Transparency International has taken a global pulse of corruption by conducting the world’s largest corruption survey to derive the Corruption Perception Index and rank nations from the most to the least corrupt. When it comes to corruption research, participants generally hesitate to share their experiences for fear of repercussions, which is why less corruption is likely to be reported than may be actually occurring within education systems. Corruption is manifest in a wide variety of forms. A broad range of literature on corruption in education has been published in the early 21st century, with the goal of defining corruption typologies and examining the effects which corruption has on education systems and those who depend on those education systems. But anticorruption efforts in education have had limited success and more research is needed on non-pecuniary forms of corruption and their relation to elite formation and institutionalized racism.

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Section: What Is Corruption and What Forms Does It Take?mentioning

confidence: 99%