“…According to the signaling theory, government subsidies, an important source of innovation funds, are very important tools for signal transmission (Peng & Liu, 2018) and can ensure the ongoing innovation activities. A large literature examines the role of political ties (Wang et al, 2022), manager characteristics (Tian et al, 2020; Ting et al, 2021), corporate governance (Joe et al, 2020; Sapra et al, 2014), and external environments (Bai et al, 2022; Zhang, Wu, et al, 2022) in explaining firms' innovation behavior. The research above enriched the literature about the factors impacting firm innovation.…”