When Does Alzheimer’s Disease Really Start? The Role of Biomarkers

Lloret, Ana; Esteve, Daniel; Lloret, Maria-Angeles; Cervera‐Ferri, Ana; López, Begoña; Nepomuceno, Mariana; Monllor, Paloma

doi:10.1176/appi.focus.19305

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Labeling, clinical presentation, and imaging methods were broadly utilized within the current state of AD diagnostics [26,29]. Specific biomarkers have their predominance in recognizing AD, since they may diagnose AD patients before clinical diagnose of primary symptoms [18]. Regular physical exercise seems to be beneficial for Alzheimer's patients by suppressing several pathophysiological pathways implicated in AD [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LncRNA HOTAIR in exercise-induced neuro-protective function in Alzheimer’s disease

Lü¹,

Liu²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

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Introduction: Exercise is effective in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by neuro-degenerative progress with increasing morbidity. The present study aimed to explore whether HOTAIR participated in the regulation of exercise in AD. Material and methods: A relative expression of serum HOTAIR was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The diagnostic significance of HOTAIR on distinguishing AD patients was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Correlations between HOTAIR expression and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score or Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) score were analyzed with Pearson's test. Logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate factors as independent indicators for HOTAIR expression.Results: In AD patients, the expression of HOTAIR was increased, and it could function as a diagnostic marker in AD patients. The expression of HOTAIR was associated with MMSE score and ADAS-Cog score in AD patients before exercise. Exercise ameliorated the cognitive impairment and reduced the relative serum expression of HOTAIR. Exercise was proved to be an independent indicator of HOTAIR expression. Conclusions: HOTAIR was a possible biomarker for indicating AD patients, and it was correlated with MMSE scores and ADAS-Cog results. Exercise might moderate AD progress via controlling HOTAIR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LncRNA HOTAIR in exercise-induced neuro-protective function in Alzheimer’s disease

Lü¹,

Liu²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

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“…Although the huge efforts to advent a medication, no effective cure for AD has been discovered yet 4 . Since Alzheimer's disease was first identified at the beginning of the twentieth century, diagnosing it has been extremely difficult 5 . The molecular and clinical events, including amyloid accumulation, neuroinflammation, tau accumulation, neural degeneration, cognitive impairment, and behavioural psychological symptoms, develop along with AD progression 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ivabradine on cognitive functions of rats with scopolamine-induced dementia

Assi

Abdelnabi

Attaai

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Alzheimer’s disease is among the challenging diseases to social and healthcare systems because no treatment has been achieved yet. Although the ambiguous pathological mechanism underlying this disorder, ion channel dysfunction is one of the recently accepted possible mechanism. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels play important roles in cellular excitability and synaptic transmission. Ivabradine (Iva), an HCN blocker, is acting on HCN channels, and is clinically used for angina and arrhythmia. The current study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Iva against scopolamine (Sco) induced dementia. To test our hypothesis, Sco and Iva injected rats were tested for behavioural changes, followed by ELISA and histopathological analysis of the hippocampus. Induced dementia was confirmed by behavioural tests, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress tests and histopathological signs of neurodegeneration, multifocal deposition of congo red stained amyloid beta plaques and the decreased optical density of HCN1 immunoreactivity. Iva ameliorated the scopolamine-induced dysfunction, the hippocampus restored its normal healthy neurons, the amyloid plaques disappeared and the optical density of HCN1 immunoreactivity increased in hippocampal cells. The results suggested that blockage of HCN1 channels might underly the Iva therapeutic effect. Therefore, Iva might have beneficial effects on neurological disorders linked to HCN channelopathies.

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“…2 Given the frequency both forms occur with, this review focuses on sporadic AD, which develops in adults older than 65 years, although the main pathological processes start decades before it is possible for them to be clinically determined. 3,4 AD definitive diagnosis is made postmortem; however, in recent years, progress has been made in the discovery of markers that are detected by different means, which range from positron-emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, to identification of molecules associated with the pathology through techniques such as SIMOA™ (an ELISA-like immunoassay, but more sensitive), both in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma, in addition to application of new neuropsychological tests, which together seek to diagnose the disease before the appearance of characteristic symptoms of its late stages and thus achieve a successful therapeutic intervention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiología, factores de riesgo, tratamientos y situación actual de la enfermedad de Alzheimer en México

Gómez-Virgilio¹,

Reyes-Gutiérrez²,

Silva-Lucero³

et al. 2022

GMM

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Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder whose etiology continues to be discussed, to the point that there are different hypotheses that seek to clarify it, in addition to the fact that, given its multifactorial nature, there are different risk factors associated with its development. As regards diagnosis, advances in molecule detection techniques at femtomolar scales have allowed to distinguish between healthy and diseased subjects at relatively early stages, although there is still much to be done. Aducanumab is a monoclonal antibody targeted against Ab, whose marketing approval by the Food and Drug Administration has been questioned by the international medical community, given the controversial results in clinical trials. Approval of this antibody as a disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease opens the door to continue using this type of treatments, but with different therapeutic targets, such as, for example, tau protein. Finally, given the population tendency towards longevity, conditions such as Alzheimer's disease are gaining epidemiological importance, which is why it is imperative to analyze and link what is being done in the social, familiar, clinical and research fields and, most importantly, to find those areas of opportunity for the benefit of the patient.

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When Does Alzheimer’s Disease Really Start? The Role of Biomarkers

Cited by 9 publications

References 112 publications

LncRNA HOTAIR in exercise-induced neuro-protective function in Alzheimer’s disease

LncRNA HOTAIR in exercise-induced neuro-protective function in Alzheimer’s disease

Effect of ivabradine on cognitive functions of rats with scopolamine-induced dementia

Etiología, factores de riesgo, tratamientos y situación actual de la enfermedad de Alzheimer en México

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