When Is the Fetus First Capable of Gastric Acid, Intrinsic Factor and Gastrin Secretion?

Kelly, Eric J.; Brownlee, K.

doi:10.1159/000243925

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…15 The thin layer of mucosal secretion at 12 weeks also establishes the physiological activity of the cells at this stage. 16 At 12 weeks, the gastric pits developed as an indentation of the surface epithelium which is supported by the fact that the cellular lining of the pit was extremely homologous to the surface epithelium. Menard et al also postulated the transition from the stratified to single layer of columnar epithelium was due to the migration of cells to line the gastric pits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Histogenesis of developing human fetal stomach

et al. 2021

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Background: Human stomach is a highly specialised organ with distinct types of glands and microscopic features for its physiological activity. This study aimed to assess the chronological order in the development of different layers and the cyto-differentiation of various glandular cells in 50 fetuses from 12 weeks of gestation till term.Methods: Tissue was taken from cardiac, body and pylorus to investigate with light and confocal microscopy.Results: The gastric gland formation began as an indentation of the surface epithelium, gastric pit and simultaneous development of glandular buds in the mucosa. The pyloric glands preceded the development of cardiac and gastric glands showing retro cranial sequence of development. In contrast, the muscularis externa showed the classical craniocaudal model of development with oblique layer in the cardiac region by 14 weeks and body region by 16 weeks of gestation. The parietal cells were well developed by 12 weeks and the chief cells by 16 weeks with prominent secretory granules. In addition, the pyloric sphincter was a clearly defined anatomical sphincter developed by whorling of the inner circular layer at the pyloric end of the stomach evident from 12 weeks of gestation.Conclusions: The results showed that the significant cellular morphogenesis occurred between 12-20 weeks of gestation. This aggregated data will serve as a catalyst in the understanding intricacy of embryogenesis, pathogenesis tracing of congenital anomalies and invention of new drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Histogenesis of developing human fetal stomach

et al. 2021

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“…At the present time, only comparisons with the gastric juices of the ovine fetus (Shulkes et al 1985) or human preterm and normal newborns can be made (Kelly & Brownlee 1993). In the ovine fetus, gastric acid secretion begins at the end of gestation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic and functional development of whole human fetal stomachs grafted into nude mice

Angioï¹,

Hatier

Muhale³

et al. 2001

Dev Growth Differ

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To study in vivo the cellular differentiation and secretion of human developing fetal stomach, ethically and technically impossible to perform in utero, 256 fetal stomachs were xenografted. Human stomachs from 6- to 10-week-old fetuses were grafted for 1-273 days into nude mice. Biopsies for immunohistochemistry, hybridization and electron microscopy were taken and a catheter introduced into the human stomach. Macroscopic growth was fast and cells in S phase were numerous during the first 9 weeks, then the stomach size was stable and the gastric mucosa, of adult type, remained normal. In situ hybridization detected only a minute mouse mesenchymal chimerism in the graft. Chromogranin A, intrinsic factor and H+/K+ adenosine triphosphatase were immunohistolocally detected in epithelial cells 20 days after grafting, gastrin was detected after 30 days and pepsinogen after 60 days. The pH in gastric juice, which was at 8.0 +/- 0.1 from days 10-25, dropped from 4.39 +/- 1.80 at 30 days to 1.58 +/- 0.29 at 90 days. Intrinsic factor was stable and pepsin ranged from 6.8 +/- 7.8 to 134 +/- 51 units at 90 days. The differentiation of the epithelial cells in xenografts was very accelerated in comparison to that in utero.

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“…One possible explanation why litmus testing has not become a standard procedure in neonatal care could be hesitation regarding preterm infants’ capacity for gastric acid secretion. However, in a study concerning parietal cell and C‐cell activity in foetuses at 13–28 weeks Kelly and Brownlee (1993) concluded that the human foetus has the potential to produce gastric acid as early as the middle of the third trimester. In a sample of 22 enterally starved infants born at a gestational age (GA) between 24 and 29 weeks all infants were able to maintain a gastric pH below 4 from the first day of life (Kelly et al.…”

Section: Litmus Testing As a Bedside Methods Has Not Been Evaluated Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Litmus tests for verification of feeding tube location in infants: evaluation of their clinical use

Nyqvist¹,

Sorell²,

Ewald³

2005

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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When Is the Fetus First Capable of Gastric Acid, Intrinsic Factor and Gastrin Secretion?

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Histogenesis of developing human fetal stomach

Histogenesis of developing human fetal stomach

Morphologic and functional development of whole human fetal stomachs grafted into nude mice

Litmus tests for verification of feeding tube location in infants: evaluation of their clinical use

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