When Lightning Strikes

Cooper, Leslie T.

doi:10.1161/circulationaha.117.029340

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…[5][6][7] Given that FM is not a distinct form of myocarditis but a rare, aggressive clinical presentation that can be associated with different aetiopathogenetic forms, endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is crucial for diagnostic work-up. 8 The aims of this review are to describe the evolution of the definition of FM, to emphasise the importance of prompt and definitive aetiological diagnosis to guide treatment and to discuss updated evidence on FM prognosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fulminant Myocarditis: When One Size Does Not Fit All – A Critical Review of the Literature

et al. 2023

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Fulminant myocarditis, rather than being a distinct form of myocarditis, is instead a peculiar clinical presentation of the disease. The definition of fulminant myocarditis has varied greatly in the last 20 years, leading to conflicting reports on prognosis and treatment strategies, mainly because of varied inclusion criteria in different studies. The main conclusion of this review is that fulminant myocarditis may be due to different histotypes and aetiologies that can be diagnosed only by endomyocardial biopsy and managed by aetiology-directed treatment. This life-threatening presentation requires rapid, targeted management both in the short term (mechanical circulatory support, inotropic and antiarrhythmic treatment and endomyocardial biopsy) and in the long term (including prolonged follow-up). Fulminant presentation has also recently been identified as a risk factor for worsened prognosis, even long after the resolution of the acute phase of myocarditis.

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confidence: 99%

Fulminant Myocarditis: When One Size Does Not Fit All – A Critical Review of the Literature

et al. 2023

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Follow-Up and Long-Term Prognosis of Myocarditis and Fulminant Myocarditis

Jiang

Wang

2022

Fulminant Myocarditis

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Immunopathogenesis and immunomodulatory therapy for myocarditis

Zhou

et al. 2023

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Myocarditis is an inflammatory cardiac disease characterized by the destruction of myocardial cells, infiltration of interstitial inflammatory cells, and fibrosis, and is becoming a major public health concern. The aetiology of myocarditis continues to broaden as new pathogens and drugs emerge. The relationship between immune checkpoint inhibitors, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, vaccines against coronavirus disease-2019, and myocarditis has attracted increased attention. Immunopathological processes play an important role in the different phases of myocarditis, affecting disease occurrence, development, and prognosis. Excessive immune activation can induce severe myocardial injury and lead to fulminant myocarditis, whereas chronic inflammation can lead to cardiac remodelling and inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy. The use of immunosuppressive treatments, particularly cytotoxic agents, for myocarditis, remains controversial. While reasonable and effective immunomodulatory therapy is the general trend. This review focuses on the current understanding of the aetiology and immunopathogenesis of myocarditis and offers new perspectives on immunomodulatory therapies.

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When Lightning Strikes

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Fulminant Myocarditis: When One Size Does Not Fit All – A Critical Review of the Literature

Fulminant Myocarditis: When One Size Does Not Fit All – A Critical Review of the Literature

Follow-Up and Long-Term Prognosis of Myocarditis and Fulminant Myocarditis

Immunopathogenesis and immunomodulatory therapy for myocarditis

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