When nutrition interacts with osteoblast function: molecular mechanisms of polyphenols

Abstract

Recent research has provided insights into dietary components that may optimise bone health and stimulate bone formation. Fruit and vegetable intake, as well as grains and other plant-derived food, have been linked to decreased risk of major chronic diseases including osteoporosis. This effect has been partially attributed to the polyphenols found in these foods. Thus, it has been suggested that these compounds may provide desirable bone health benefits through an action on bone cell metabolism. The present review will focus on how some polyphenols can modulate osteoblast function and reports which cellular signalling pathways are potentially implicated. However, to date, despite numerous investigations, few studies have provided clear evidence that phenolic compounds can act on osteoblasts. Polyphenols cited in the present review seem to be able to modulate the expression of transcription factors such as runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) and Osterix, NF-κB and activator protein-1 (AP-1). It appears that polyphenols may act on cellular signalling such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), oestrogen receptor and osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (OPG/RANKL) and thus may affect osteoblast functions. However, it is also important to take in account the possible interaction of these compounds on osteoclast metabolism to better understand the positive correlation reported between the consumption of fruit and vegetables and bone mass.

Extra virgin olive oil consumption reduces the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the PREDIMED trial

“…[1,6] In addition, other specific nutrients, foods, or dietary patterns can influence bone health. [6][7][8][9] Adhering to a traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), characterized by high intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts and olive oil, has been linked to a lower risk of hip fractures, [10][11][12] which might partly explain the epidemiological evidence of a geographical variation in the incidence of hip fractures across Europe, the highest rates being in North Europe and the lowest in the Mediterranean basin countries or in United States' population where it was associated a lower risk of hip fracture with MedDiet pattern. [11,13] These observations might be attributed to the high content of monounsaturated fats (MUFA) and polyphenols in olive oil, the main fat consumed in the Mediterranean diet.…”

The Potential Role of Quercus Infectoria Gall Extract on Osteoblast Function and Bone Metabolism

“…Of all the aromatic compounds, flavonoids and tannins are most commonly found in plant organs [43]. As previously reviewed by Habauzit & Horcajada [44], polyphenols can act on bone metabolism by modulating osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization, as well as osteoclast function [45].…”

“…These precursors are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells that can be differentiated into several kinds of tissue specific cells such as osteoblasts, myoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes [45]. Bone formation is a tightly regulated process which is characterized by a sequence of events starting with the commitment of osteoprogenitor cells, their differentiation into pre-osteoblasts and finally mature osteoblasts whose function is to synthesize bone matrix that becomes progressively mineralized.…”

“…Polyphenols can enhance osteoblast activity and mineralization by up-regulating Runx2, Osterix, IGF-I, BSAP, ALP, OCN, BMC, BMD as well as inhibit osteoclastogenesis via inhibition of RANKL expression, TRAP, 8-OHdG, COX-2 levels, and activation of JNK/ AP-1. These combined effects of polyphenols on osteoblasts and osteoclasts are useful in maintaining the bone remodeling process which is the key endpoint in the management of osteoporosis [45].…”

Polyphenol Antioxidants and Bone Health: A Review

“…Higher consumption of fruits and vegetables has been correlated with a reduction in the risk for the development of osteoporosis. (Arikan et al, 2011;Prentice et al, 2006;Macdonald et al, 2004;Macdonald et al, 2008;Palacios et al, 2006;Tucker et al, 1999;Lister et al, 2007;New, 2003;Trzeciakiewicz et al, 2009 Numerous studies have shown the health-promoting properties of polyphenols, providing additional mechanisms through which they promote skeletal health by reducing resorption caused by high oxidative stress (Trzeciakiewicz et al, 2009;Tucker, 2009;Hunter et al, 2008). The antioxidant properties of polyphenols have been widely studied and reported in the literature (Liu et al, 2005;Miyamoto et al,1998;Rassi et al, 2002;Viereck et al, 2002;Ward et al, 2001;.…”