When Oral Anticoagulation Therapy is Needed in Patients With Cardiomyopathies: A Review of Literature

Vizzardi, Enrico; Bonadei, Ivano; Magro, Francesca Del; Bugatti, Silvia; D’Aloia, Antonio; Curnis, Antonio; Dei, Livio

doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2011.10.005

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…[24][25][26] The preference for warfarin is less clear-cut in patients without atrial fibrillation, and trials are currently under way comparing aspirin versus warfarin in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and sinus rhythm. 27 Warfarin Despite the many difficulties associated with its use, the principal anticoagulant recommended to prevent human stroke is still warfarin. Warfarin blocks the effects of vitamin K necessary for coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X to be activated.…”

Section: Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further investigations/monitoring Improvement is generally easy to identify. Pain usually decreases over the first [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] h. An improvement in warmth, pulse quality and motor function of the affected limb(s) is an indication that limb perfusion is improving. Pulse strength will often improve within 4-5 days, reflecting improved circulation, even without specific thrombolytic measures.…”

Section: -48 Hours Post-atementioning

confidence: 99%

“…24–26 The preference for warfarin is less clear-cut in patients without atrial fibrillation, and trials are currently under way comparing aspirin versus warfarin in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and sinus rhythm. 27…”

Section: Therapy For Atementioning

confidence: 99%

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Arterial Thromboembolism

Fuentes

2012

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Practical relevance: Feline arterial thromboembolism (ATE) is a common but devastating complication of myocardial disease, often necessitating euthanasia. A combination of endothelial dysfunction and blood stasis in the left atrium leads to local platelet activation and thrombus formation. Embolisation of the thrombus results in severe ischaemia of the affected vascular bed. With the classic 'saddle thrombus' presentation of thrombus in the terminal aorta, the diagnosis can usually be made by physical examination. The prognosis is poor for cats with multiple limbs affected by severe ischaemia, but much better where only one limb is affected or motor function is present. Patient group: Cats with left atrial enlargement secondary to cardiomyopathy are typically predisposed, although cats with hyperthyroidism, pulmonary neoplasia and supravalvular mitral stenosis may also be at risk. Management: Analgesia is the main priority, and severe pain should be managed with methadone or a fentanyl constant rate infusion. Congestive heart failure (CHF) requires treatment with furosemide, but tachypnoea due to pain can mimic signs of CHF. Thrombolytic therapy is not recommended, but antithrombotic treatment should be started as soon as possible. Aspirin and clopidogrel are well tolerated. Evidence base: Several observational studies of ATE have been reported. No randomised, blinded, controlled studies have been reported in cats at risk, for either treatment or prevention of ATE, although such a study comparing aspirin and clopidogrel in cats is currently under way.

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Section: Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%