When particulate matter strikes cities: Social disparities and health costs of air pollution

Giaccherini, Matilde; Kopinska, Joanna; Palma, A.

doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102478

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The control variables include individual-level and city-level variables. Refer to previous related studies of Gu et al ( 64 ), Hu et al ( 65 ), and Giaccherini et al ( 66 ), this study controls for the individual characteristics including education level, age, gender, marital status, sleep status, whether they have medical insurance, and whether they are accompanied by children. Meanwhile, this study also controls for the urban characteristics including waste treatment rate, sewage treatment rate, population density, medical level, and economic development level.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Health Effects of Air Pollution: Fresh Evidence From China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey

Shen

Zhong

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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The effects of air pollution on population health are currently a hot topic. However, few studies have examined the physical and mental health effects of air pollution jointly in China. Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2015 and 2018, this study explores how air pollution affects the physical and mental health of middle-aged and elderly residents. The empirical results highlight that air pollution can negatively affect both physical and mental health. In terms of physical health, those exposed to chronic shock are likely to suffer more adverse effects from air pollution than those exposed to acute shock. In terms of mental health, those exposed to depression suffer greater adverse effects than those exposed to episodic memory and mental cognition. Besides, heterogeneity analysis also shows that air pollution affects the mental and physical health of males more than females. Furthermore, the increase in air pollution is expected to result in huge hospitalization costs. Therefore, the Chinese government should formulate differentiated public health policies to reduce the effects of air pollution on the health of middle-aged and elderly residents.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Health Effects of Air Pollution: Fresh Evidence From China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey

Shen

Zhong

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…Many studies have shown that pollution protection behaviors are widespread. In the short term, individuals adjust outdoor activity time to reduce pollution exposure [11][12][13][14][15]. In the long term, families can avoid the polluted environment by choosing a less-polluted place of residence [16][17][18] or even emigrating abroad [19].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The paper divides the samples in different subgroups by age, education level, household income, and geographic region to conduct a heterogeneity analysis of the impact of smog avoidance investment on household health care expenditure. Referring to previous methods for grouping samples according to age [11], education [36], household income [38] and geographical area and considering the actual distribution of the samples, we divided the samples into three groups by age: under 30 years old, 30-44 years old and 45 years old and older. From 1989 to 2003 (such that undergraduates who first enrolled in 2000 had completed their college education), the group having below senior high school education and the group having senior high school education or above were defined as the low degree and high degree groups, respectively.…”

Section: Heterogeneity Analysis Of the Impact Of Smog Avoidance Inves...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smog Avoidance Investment While Improving Air Quality: Health Demand or Risk Aversion? Evidence from Cities in China

Zhao

Wang

Jun

2021

IJERPH

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Atmospheric pollution control policies have achieved remarkable progress in China since 2013, and the smog protective equipment market has experienced a great boom during the same period. From the perspectives of the health production efficiency hypothesis and the time discount rate hypothesis, this study investigates the relationship between household expenditures on air pollution avoidance and health care, and individuals’ self-assessed health based on network survey data from 17 cities in China. Using the treatment effect model to control the potential endogenous selection problems, we explain the paradox of the growing smog avoidance investment coexisting with improving air quality. First, smog avoidance investment and household medical expenditures do not have substitution effects, while the perception of pollution intensity, pollution protection knowledge, and future health preferences significantly promote smog avoidance investment and medical expenditures. Second, air pollution avoidance investment greatly increases the probability that urban residents rate their health as “good” and “very good”. The results indicate that the time preference hypothesis can explain the pollution avoidance investment behavior and health demands of Chinese urban residents well. The hidden social welfare loss caused by air pollution may still be underestimated, even though short-term avoidance costs are included in the evaluation of pollution impacts. It is necessary to optimize environmental regulations and policies to consistently improve the ecological environment.

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“…Dominski et al ( 51 ) show that long-term and direct exposure to air pollution, such as PM 2.5 and PM 10 , would raise the morbidity and mortality of the population. Giaccherini et al ( 52 ) discover that air pollution leads to an increase in hospitalizations; and the effect is stronger among older adults, less educated individuals and migrants. Ma et al ( 53 ) show that reducing PM 10 and PM 2.5 is considered the major way to relieve human health damage, and increased CO 2 levels are responsible for environmental damage.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Air Quality Affect Health Industry Stock Returns: New Evidence From the Quantile-on-Quantile Regression

Liu

Wang

Xiao

2021

Front. Public Health

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This paper discusses the asymmetric effect of air quality (AQ) on stock returns (SR) in China's health industry through the quantile-on-quantile (QQ) regression method. Compared to prior literature, our study provides the following contributions. Government intervention, especially industrial policy, is considered a fresh and essential component of analyzing frameworks in addition to investors' physiology and psychology. Next, because of the heterogeneous responses from different industries to AQ, industrial heterogeneity is thus considered in this paper. In addition, the QQ method examines the effect of specific quantiles between variables and does not consider structural break and temporal lag effects. We obtain the following empirical results. First, the coefficients between AQ and SR in the health service and health technology industries change from positive to negative as AQ deteriorates. Second, AQ always positively influences the health business industry, but the values of the coefficients are larger in good air. In addition, different from other industries, the coefficients in the health equipment industry are negative, but the values of the coefficients change with AQ. The conclusions provide important references for investors and other market participants to avoid biased decisions due to poor AQ and pay attention to government industrial policies.

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When particulate matter strikes cities: Social disparities and health costs of air pollution

Cited by 26 publications

References 68 publications

Population Health Effects of Air Pollution: Fresh Evidence From China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey

Population Health Effects of Air Pollution: Fresh Evidence From China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey

Smog Avoidance Investment While Improving Air Quality: Health Demand or Risk Aversion? Evidence from Cities in China

How Air Quality Affect Health Industry Stock Returns: New Evidence From the Quantile-on-Quantile Regression

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