When the Shadow Is the Substance: Judge Gender and the Outcomes of Workplace Sex Discrimination Cases

Knepper, Matthew

doi:10.1086/696150

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Furthermore, people do not always have their choice of advocate, and advocates may differ from those they advocate for in terms of values, beliefs, background, race, and even gender. However, distressingly, in the absence of gender concordance between advocates and those they advocate for-particularly in instances where men are advocating for women-women have been found to fare worse than their male counterparts, facing disadvantages in terms of pay equality (1), ascension to leadership positions (2), educational outcomes (3), legal dispute resolution (4), and even medical treatment (5). In the medical setting, research suggests that gender discordance may yield lower rapport and patient satisfaction (6), reduced adherence to preventative care protocols (7), and weaker patient-physician communication (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient–physician gender concordance and increased mortality among female heart attack patients

Greenwood

Carnahan

Huang

2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

457

243

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We examine patient gender disparities in survival rates following acute myocardial infarctions (i.e., heart attacks) based on the gender of the treating physician. Using a census of heart attack patients admitted to Florida hospitals between 1991 and 2010, we find higher mortality among female patients who are treated by male physicians. Male patients and female patients experience similar outcomes when treated by female physicians, suggesting that unique challenges arise when male physicians treat female patients. We further find that male physicians with more exposure to female patients and female physicians have more success treating female patients.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient–physician gender concordance and increased mortality among female heart attack patients

Greenwood

Carnahan

Huang

2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

457

243

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“…2 In assessing the role of jurors in affecting male versus female sentencing outcomes, this paper also complements a growing literature that documents and explains gender differences in sentencing (Bindler and Hjalmarsson, 2017;Butcher, Park and Piehl, 2017). More generally, this study relates to a broader literature on the impact of judge gender (Johnson, 2014;Knepper, 2018;Schanzenbach, 2005;Steffensmeier and Hebert, 1999) and other judge and jury characteristics. 3 Finally, in documenting how defendants 1 For example, see Abrevaya and Hamermesh (2012); Ayres and Siegelman (1995); Bagues and Esteve-Volart (2010); Bagues, Sylos-Labini and Zinovyeva (2017); Breda and Ly (2015); Dahl and Moretti (2008); De Paola and Scoppa (2015); Goldin and Rouse (2000); Lavy (2008); Neumark, Bank and Van Nort (1996); Moss-Racusin, Dovidio, Brescoll, Graham and Handelsman 20122 While we focus on the effect of own-gender juries in this paper, we also examine the effect of jury gender composition on overall conviction rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

The Effect of Own-Gender Juries on Conviction Rates

Hoekstra¹,

Street²

2018

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This paper examines the extent to which criminal conviction rates are affected by the similarity in gender of the defendant and jury. To identify effects, we exploit random variation in both the assignment to jury pools and the ordering of potential jurors. We do so using detailed administrative data on the juror selection process and trial proceedings for two large counties in Florida. Results indicate that own-gender juries result in significantly lower conviction rates on drug charges, though we find no evidence of effects for other charges. Estimates indicate that a one standard deviation increase in expected own-gender jurors (~10 percentage points) results in an 18 percentage point reduction in conviction rates on drug charges, which is highly significant even after adjusting for multiple comparisons. This results in a 13 percentage point decline in the likelihood of being sentenced to at least some jail time. These findings highlight how drawing an opposite-gender jury can impose significant costs on defendants, and demonstrate that owngender bias can occur even in settings where the importance of being impartial is actively pressed on participants.

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“…8 This source of exogenous variation have also used in Aizer and Doyle (2015); Cortés et al (2019); Dahl et al (2014); Di Tella and Schargrodsky (2013); Ferraz and Ribeiro (2019); Green and Winik (2010); Knepper (2018) and Kling (2006). carceration, including those who then receive additional prison time as a consequence of their final verdict.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%