When the target becomes the mask: Using apparent motion to isolate the object-level component of object substitution masking.

Lleras, Alejandro; Moore, Cathleen M.

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.29.1.106

Cited by 110 publications

(260 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

241

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Consistent with this, it has been found that shape and surface similarity seem to influence the visibility of the central stimulus in the standing wave display (Enns, 2002;Pilling & Gellatly, 2009;Werner, 1935). In addition, if the scene is interpreted as the central bar being a previous instantiation of the flanking bars, it is expected that apparent motion should be seen between them (Lleras & Moore, 2003). Taken together, the more similar the central bar and flankers are, the more likely they are to be integrated, and therefore observers should perceive more motion.…”

Section: Tasksupporting

confidence: 51%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Unmasking the standing wave of invisibility: An account in terms of object-mediated representational updating

Hein

Moore

2010

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A central bar presented in counterphase with two flanking bars creates the perception of only two bars, instead of three, flickering (standing wave of invisibility illusion). Current explanations of this illusion highlight the importance of local interactions between the central bar and the flankers as a reason for the invisibility of the central bar. In three experiments, we show that the reduction in visibility of the central bar occurs even when the flankers are spatially separated from the central bar. Thus local mechanisms-low-level lateral inhibition or border-ownership competition-do not suffice to account for the decreased visibility. Furthermore, the reduced visibility of the central bar is accompanied by the perception of the flankers in apparent motion at all separations. We suggest an account of the standing wave phenomenon in terms of object updating: The representation of the central bar is updated with the representation of the flankers leaving the perception of just the flankers moving across space. The stimuli for the key conditions from this study, in QuickTime format, may be down loaded from

show abstract

Section: Tasksupporting

confidence: 51%

“…This account relies on the assumption that representational updating is mediated through object representations (Enns, Lleras, & Moore, 2008;Lleras & Moore, 2003;Moore & Lleras, 2005;Moore, Mordkoff, & Enns, 2007). Given the right timing between the central bar and flankers, the visual contour formation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unmasking the standing wave of invisibility: An account in terms of object-mediated representational updating

Hein

Moore

2010

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Masking was reduced so long as the masks were briefly (133 ms) previewed. Lleras and Moore (2003) argued that two different components must contribute to the total interference in OSM: low-level backward masking and interference at higher-, object-level representations. A critical differentiation between a lower-level and a higher-level representation is whether the representation is tied to a specific location: the exact location will not be crucial if the underlying mechanisms are high-level.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test whether interference actually takes place at this object-token level of representation in OSM, Lleras and Moore (2003) manipulated the location of the mask and created object-token representations with apparent motion. The task was to identify and report the black target among the seven other grey distractors (see Figure 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lleras & Moore, 2003), which in turn determines whether an object is perceived by the visual system as "new" or "old". By manipulating the duration of the ISI between previewed mask offset and target-with-mask onset, the original objecttoken representation of the mask may or may not be maintained: when the ISI is zero or very short, the mask representation can possibly be maintained in visual short term memory, and OSM in all likelihood would be attenuated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Object substitution masking: When does mask preview work?

Lim¹,

Chua²

2008

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When a target is surrounded by a four-dot mask pattern that persists after the target disappears, target identification is worse than when the mask terminates with the target. This masking effect has been attributed to Object Substitution Masking (OSM). Previewing the four-dot mask attenuated OSM. This study investigated specific situations in which mask preview was (or was not) effective in attenuating masking. In Experiment 1, the interstimulus interval (ISI) between previewed mask offset and target presentation was manipulated. The basic preview effect was replicated; neither ISI nor preview duration influenced target discrimination performance. In Experiment 2, mask configurations were manipulated. When the configuration of the mask at preview matched the configuration at target presentation, the preview effect was replicated. New evidence of ineffective mask preview was found: when the two configurations did not match, performance declined. Yet, when the ISI between previewed mask offset and target presentation was removed, such that the mask underwent apparent motion, preview was effective despite the configuration mismatch. The object-token interpretation provides an excellent account to this data. This study enabled a new understanding of when preview exactly attenuates OSM.

show abstract

Different effects of the two types of spatial pre-cueing: what precisely is “attention” in Di Lollo’s and Enns’ substitution masking theory?

Luiga

Bachmann

2006

Psychological Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enns and Di Lollo [Psychological Science, 8 (2), 135-139, 1997] have introduced the object substitution theory of visual masking. Object substitution masking occurs when focusing attention on the target is delayed. However, Posner (Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 3-25, 1980) has already shown that attention can be directed to a target at least in two ways: intentionally (endogenously) and automatically (exogenously). We conducted two experiments to explore the effects of endogenous and exogenous cues on substitution masking. The results showed that when attention was shifted to the target location automatically (using a local peripheral pre-cue), masking was attenuated. A decrease in target identification dependent on a delay of mask offset, typical to substitution masking, was not observed. However, strong substitution masking occurred when the target location was not pre-cued or when attention was directed to the target location intentionally (using a symbolic pre-cue displayed centrally). The hypothesis of two different mechanisms of attentional control in substitution masking was confirmed.

show abstract

When the target becomes the mask: Using apparent motion to isolate the object-level component of object substitution masking.

Cited by 110 publications

References 49 publications

Unmasking the standing wave of invisibility: An account in terms of object-mediated representational updating

Unmasking the standing wave of invisibility: An account in terms of object-mediated representational updating

Object substitution masking: When does mask preview work?

Different effects of the two types of spatial pre-cueing: what precisely is “attention” in Di Lollo’s and Enns’ substitution masking theory?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About