When, where, and how the corpus callosum changes in MCI and AD

Paola, Margherita Di; Iulio, Fulvia Di; Cherubini, Andrea; Blundo, Carlo; Casini, Arianna; Sancesario, Giuseppe; Passafiume, Domenico; Caltagirone, Carlo; Spalletta, Gianfranco

doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181d7d8cb

Cited by 144 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Wang and colleagues [91] also reported a decreased FA value in the genu and the splenium and increased ADC in the genu of the CC (see Table 3 for technical details of the study). In our study [21], we found reduced FA in the genu and anterior body of the CC, increased DA in the body and in the posterior subregions of the CC, and increased DR in the entire CC in patients with mild AD compared with HC. We found no significant differences in the CC in patients with amnesic MCI compared with HC.…”

Section: Diffusion-weighted Imaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studiessupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Nevertheless, the results obtained on patients with mild AD and amnesic MCI were not supported by statistical correction for multiple comparisons. Recently, however, we replicated the study on a larger sample of patients with mild AD and amnesic MCI [21] and found a significant WM density reduction in the genu and splenium of the CC in patients with mild AD. In patients with amnesic MCI compared with HC, we found a reduction only in the genu of the CC (see Table 2 for technical details of the study).…”

Section: Voxel-based Morphometry Studiesmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Indeed, some studies reported changes in the anterior subregion (e.g. [20,21,46,82]), some in the posterior subregion [20,21,83,91], and some found no callosal changes [40,85,92]. This inconsistency in results may be the consequence of reduced sample size of studies considering discrete diagnostic categories of different clinical stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, our group [21] applied a well-validated structural analysis technique, that is, the computational mesh-based method, to map callosal thickness [60][61][62][63] and to study the CC changes in three distinct homogeneous groups of patients with mild AD, severe AD, and amnesic MCI compared with HC. The main finding of our study was reduced thickness in the callosal genu, anterior body, and splenium in severe AD patients compared with HC.…”

Section: Region Of Interest Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corpus callosum (CC) has been implicated in this process [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In particular, it has been suggested that callosal atrophy in AD is the anatomical correlate of Wallerian degeneration of commissural nerve fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vivo Structural Neuroanatomy of Corpus Callosum in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Different MRI Techniques: A Review

Paola

Spalletta

Caltagirone

2010

JAD

129

103

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Abstract. The corpus callosum (CC), which connects the two cerebral hemispheres, is the largest white matter fiber bundle in the human brain. This structure presents a peculiar myelination pattern: it has small diameter fibers, located in the genu, which myelinate much later in normal development, and large diameter fibers of the splenium, which myelinate early in development. Although the pathology of AD mainly involves the cerebral gray matter structure, there is evidence that white matter may also be involved. To illustrate callosal white matter changes in AD pathology, in this review we summarize in vivo imaging studies in humans, focusing on region of interest, voxel-based morphometry, diffusion-weighted imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging techniques. Our aims were to identify where in the CC, when in the different stages of AD, and how callosal changes can be detected with different MRI techniques. Results showed that changes in the anterior (genu and anterior body) as well as in the posterior (isthmus and splenum) portions of the CC might already be present in the early stages of AD. These findings support the hypothesis that two mechanisms, Wallerian degeneration and myelin breakdown, might be responsible for the region-specific changes detected in AD patients. Wallerian degeneration affects the posterior CC subregion, which receives axons directly from those brain areas (temporo-parietal lobe regions) primarily affected by the AD pathology. Instead, the myelin breakdown process affects the later-myelinating CC subregion and explains the earlier involvement of the genu in CC atrophy.

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Section: Diffusion-weighted Imaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studiessupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Voxel-based Morphometry Studiesmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Region Of Interest Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

In Vivo Structural Neuroanatomy of Corpus Callosum in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Different MRI Techniques: A Review

Paola

Spalletta

Caltagirone

2010

JAD

129

103

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Alzheimer‐related altered white matter microstructural integrity in Down syndrome: A model for sporadic AD?

Rosas

Hsu

Mercaldo

et al. 2020

Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment &

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Introduction Virtually all adults with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐associated neuropathology by the age of 40, with risk for dementia increasing from the early 50s. White matter (WM) pathology has been reported in sporadic AD, including early demyelination, microglial activation, loss of oligodendrocytes and reactive astrocytes but has not been extensively studied in the at‐risk DS population. Methods Fifty‐six adults with DS (35 cognitively stable adults, 11 with mild cognitive impairment, 10 with dementia) underwent diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), amyloid imaging, and had assessments of cognition and functional abilities using tasks appropriate for persons with intellectual disability. Results Early changes in late‐myelinating and relative sparing of early‐myelinating pathways, consistent with the retrogenesis model proposed for sporadic AD, were associated with AD‐related cognitive deficits and with regional amyloid deposition. Discussion Our findings suggest that quantification of WM changes in DS could provide a promising and clinically relevant biomarker for AD clinical onset and progression.

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Seeking huntington disease biomarkers by multimodal, cross‐sectional basal ganglia imaging

Sánchez-Castañeda¹,

Cherubini²,

Elifani³

et al. 2012

Human Brain Mapping

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Neurodegeneration of the striatum in Huntington disease (HD) is characterized by loss of medium-spiny neurons, huntingtin nuclear inclusions, reactive gliosis, and iron accumulation. Neuroimaging allows in vivo detection of the macro- and micro-structural changes that occur from presymptomatic stages of the disease (preHD). The aim of our study was to evaluate the reliability of multimodal imaging as an in vivo biomarker of vulnerability and development of the disease and to characterize macro- and micro-structural changes in subcortical nuclei in HD. Macrostructure (T1-weighted images), microstructure (diffusion tensor imaging), and iron content (R 2* relaxometry) of subcortical nuclei and medial temporal lobe structures were evaluated by a 3 T scanner in 17 preHD carriers, 12 early-stage patients and 29 matched controls. We observed a volume reduction and microstructural changes in the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus) and iron accumulation in the globus pallidus in both preHD and symptomatic subjects; all these features were significantly more pronounced in patients, in whom degeneration extended to the other subcortical nuclei (i.e., thalamus and accumbens). Mean diffusivity (MD) was the most powerful predictor in models explaining more than 50% of the variability in HD development in the caudate, putamen, and thalamus. These findings suggest that the measurement of MD may further enhance the well-known predictive value of striatal volume to assess disease progression as it is highly sensitive to tissue microimpairment. Multimodal imaging may detect brain changes even in preHD stages.

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When, where, and how the corpus callosum changes in MCI and AD

Cited by 144 publications

References 41 publications

In Vivo Structural Neuroanatomy of Corpus Callosum in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Different MRI Techniques: A Review

In Vivo Structural Neuroanatomy of Corpus Callosum in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Different MRI Techniques: A Review

Alzheimer‐related altered white matter microstructural integrity in Down syndrome: A model for sporadic AD?

Seeking huntington disease biomarkers by multimodal, cross‐sectional basal ganglia imaging

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