Where Are the People? The Human Viewpoint Approach for Architecting and Acquisition

Handley, Holly A. H.; Knapp, Beverly G.

doi:10.21236/ada613406

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The methodology was developed by formalizing previous ad hoc processes used to develop the Human Views. Early Human Views architecting efforts focused on the process of collecting data [Handley and Knapp, 2014] or aligning the data with the meta model specifications [Handley, 2012]; neither of these approaches provide instructions to architects on designing a set of Fit-for-Purpose views. The methodology presented here consists of capturing the context of the inquiry, identifying the data elements that are key to understanding and scoping the problem, establishing relationships between the elements, identifying opportunities for analysis and simulation, and finally capturing the human-focused data, relationships, and analysis outcomes in sharable models.…”

Section: Handleymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The models capture human roles and activities, their technology‐based interactions, as well as enablers and constraints due to manpower, training, and human factors issues. Until recently, the set of Human Views were developed as a stand‐alone architecture viewpoint [Handley and Knapp, ]. However, in the context of the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) Version 2.02, the Human Views can be considered and implemented as Fit‐for‐Purpose views [DoD CIO, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6, 2016C⃝ 2016 issues. Until recently, the set of Human Views were developed as a stand-alone architecture viewpoint [Handley and Knapp, 2014]. However, in the context of the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) Version 2.02, the Human Views can be considered and implemented as Fit-for-Purpose views [DoD CIO, 2010].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Design Methodology for Fit-for-Purpose Human Views

Handley

2016

Syst Eng

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The Human Views were developed to collect and categorize human‐focused information to ensure that the human component is considered in system architecture development. While the Human Views are not an integrated viewpoint with the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF), they can be implemented as a set of Fit‐for‐Purpose views. Fit‐for‐Purpose views are custom views created to address specific stakeholder questions and to display custom sets of data. However, very little guidance exists for the creation of Fit‐for‐Purpose views or their use in architecture analysis. To help address this, a six‐step methodology was developed to design Fit‐for‐Purpose Human Views for the DoDAF. The methodology is illustrated using a mobile communication system; the resulting Human Views can be used to evaluate the impact of assigning different types of personnel to complete mission tasks using the system. By including custom data in the output products, such as simulation outcomes, the Fit‐for‐Purpose views support resolution of specific stakeholder concerns. The six‐step design methodology is domain agnostic and may be generalizable to the design of Fit‐for‐Purpose views for other areas of concern.

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Section: Handleymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Design Methodology for Fit-for-Purpose Human Views

Handley

2016

Syst Eng

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“…Interestingly, at about the same time, Bruseberg (2008) proposed a human view specifically for the British Ministry of Defence architecture framework (MODAF). Listing several of the same human-related shortcomings in the MODAF, as does Handley and Knapp (2014) for the DoDAF, Bruseberg details ways in which her human view can improve the MODAF’s representation of the human during system development. She argues that human views aid in modeling the “soft systems” human side of system development, thus bridging the communication gap between systems engineers and human factors engineers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another goal of adding a human view directly into an architecture framework is to enable systems engineers and HSI analysts to collaborate early in system development, thus contributing more effectively to design (Smillie & Handley, 2009). Several applications of human views have been described by Handley (2011), Handley and Knapp (2014), and Sharples (2014). However, by creating separate views, these efforts fail to ensure that the system-centric views will account for the human.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-Centered Design Using System Modeling Language

Watson¹,

Rusnock²,

Colombi³

et al. 2017

Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making

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The human user is important to consider during system design. However, common system design models, such as the system modeling language, typically represent human users and operators as external actors, rather than as internal to the system. This research presents a method for integrating human considerations into system models through human-centered design. A specific system is selected to serve as the case study for demonstrating the methodology. The sample system is analyzed to identify the task and information flow. Then, both system-and human-centered diagrams are separately created to represent different viewpoints of the system. These diagrams are compared and analyzed, and new diagrams are created that incorporate both system and human considerations into one concordant representation of the system model. These new views allow systems engineers and human factors engineers to effectively communicate the role of the user during early system design trades.

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A retrospective of the human viewpoint and its applicability to future systems

Handley

2021

Systems Engineering

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This paper describes the human viewpoint that was developed by a multinational panel of System Engineers and Human System Integration practitioners as an adjunct to existing systems architecting frameworks. The data collected in the human viewpoint enables engineering analyses that include human-system trade-offs to address stakeholder concerns. These analyses focus on the role definitions and task allocations that improve overall system performance. The human views method was developed to facilitate assessments of increasing fidelity, such as human data content analysis, humansystem design trade-offs, restructuring role-task allocations, and crew reductions due to automation. Ten examples, across a range of applications and levels of assessment, are provided to illustrate the ability to provide decision support to stakeholders. A reflection on the use of the human viewpoint traces its development across the examples, as well as suggesting a research agenda to improve its ability to address the design concerns of future systems. K E Y W O R D Sautomation, human viewpoint, human views method, role-task allocation, trade-off analyses 1 the boundaries of the system engineering process by integrating the system with its people. 10 HSI considerations include manpower, personnel, training, human factors engineering, safety, and occupational health, habitability, and survivability. 11 The human viewpoint provides

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Where Are the People? The Human Viewpoint Approach for Architecting and Acquisition

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

A Design Methodology for Fit-for-Purpose Human Views

A Design Methodology for Fit-for-Purpose Human Views

Human-Centered Design Using System Modeling Language

A retrospective of the human viewpoint and its applicability to future systems

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