Where Do We Stand in the Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris) Positive-Emotion Assessment: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Directions

Csoltova, Erika; Mehinagic, Emira

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02131

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 474 publications

(687 reference statements)

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“…Combined with their perceptual ability, other factors that could impact whether or not a dog alerts to a medical condition are affective and temperamental differences in emotional states impacting attention and decision making [56][57][58][59]. In other words, each dog will have a threshold for whether they perform the alert behaviour to a target odour, or not, when they are uncertain about the choice to make.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Dog Owners’ Survey reveals Medical Alert Dogs can alert to multiple conditions and multiple people

et al. 2021

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Medical Alert Dogs (MADs) are a promising support system for a variety of medical conditions. Emerging anecdotal reports suggest that dogs may alert to additional health conditions and different people other than those that they were trained for or initially began alerting. As the use of medical alert dogs increases, it is imperative that such claims are documented empirically. The overall aims of this study were to record the proportion of MAD owners who have a dog that alerts to multiple health conditions or to people other than the target person and to determine whether any sociodemographic variables were associated with dogs alerting to multiple conditions, multiple people, or both. MAD owners completed an online survey that contained a series of forced choice questions. Sixty-one participants reported a total of 33 different conditions to which dogs alerted. Eighty-four percent of participants reported that their dog alerted to multiple conditions and 54% reported that their dog alerted to multiple people. This is the first study to document that a large percentage of people report that their MAD alerts to multiple conditions and/or to multiple people. We present a discussion of how these alerting abilities could develop, but questions about the underlying mechanisms remain.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Dog Owners’ Survey reveals Medical Alert Dogs can alert to multiple conditions and multiple people

et al. 2021

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“…The included animals responded with several gestures to expressions of conspecifics and humans, with no evidence of facial mimicry towards the recordings. Interestingly, the action of the EAD102 (ear adductor) unit was more frequent when observing other dogs’ faces, which can be interpreted as a positive response to the same species [ 130 , 131 ].…”

Section: Interpretation Of Perception and Expression Interspeciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Advances in Assessment of Dog’s Emotions, Facial Expressions, and Their Use for Clinical Recognition of Pain

Mota-Rojas

Marcet-Rius

Ogi

et al. 2021

Animals

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Animals’ facial expressions are involuntary responses that serve to communicate the emotions that individuals feel. Due to their close co-existence with humans, broad attention has been given to identifying these expressions in certain species, especially dogs. This review aims to analyze and discuss the advances in identifying the facial expressions of domestic dogs and their clinical utility in recognizing pain as a method to improve daily practice and, in an accessible and effective way, assess the health outcome of dogs. This study focuses on aspects related to the anatomy and physiology of facial expressions in dogs, their emotions, and evaluations of their eyebrows, eyes, lips, and ear positions as changes that reflect pain or nociception. In this regard, research has found that dogs have anatomical configurations that allow them to generate changes in their expressions that similar canids—wolves, for example—cannot produce. Additionally, dogs can perceive emotions similar to those of their human tutors due to close human-animal interaction. This phenomenon—called “emotional contagion”—is triggered precisely by the dog’s capacity to identify their owners’ gestures and then react by emitting responses with either similar or opposed expressions that correspond to positive or negative stimuli, respectively. In conclusion, facial expressions are essential to maintaining social interaction between dogs and other species, as in their bond with humans. Moreover, this provides valuable information on emotions and the perception of pain, so in dogs, they can serve as valuable elements for recognizing and evaluating pain in clinical settings.

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“…Canine emotions have most commonly been assessed based on observation of dogs’ behavior. Affective states can be reflected in dogs’ facial expressions, vocalizations, postures and movement of the whole body and, more specifically, ears, eyes, mouth and tail [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. However, emotion-related signals can be very subtle, and a single cue alone does not necessarily indicate a certain emotion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, mouth licking and tail wagging has been associated with both positive and negative emotional situations [ 4 , 6 , 7 ]. Observable emotion-related behavior may also vary among individuals [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dog–Owner Relationship, Owner Interpretations and Dog Personality Are Connected with the Emotional Reactivity of Dogs

Somppi

Törnqvist

Koskela

et al. 2022

Animals

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We evaluated the effect of the dog–owner relationship on dogs’ emotional reactivity, quantified with heart rate variability (HRV), behavioral changes, physical activity and dog owner interpretations. Twenty nine adult dogs encountered five different emotional situations (i.e., stroking, a feeding toy, separation from the owner, reunion with the owner, a sudden appearance of a novel object). The results showed that both negative and positive situations provoked signs of heightened arousal in dogs. During negative situations, owners’ ratings about the heightened emotional arousal correlated with lower HRV, higher physical activity and more behaviors that typically index arousal and fear. The three factors of The Monash Dog–Owner Relationship Scale (MDORS) were reflected in the dogs’ heart rate variability and behaviors: the Emotional Closeness factor was related to increased HRV (p = 0.009), suggesting this aspect is associated with the secure base effect, and the Shared Activities factor showed a trend toward lower HRV (p = 0.067) along with more owner-directed behaviors reflecting attachment related arousal. In contrast, the Perceived Costs factor was related to higher HRV (p = 0.009) along with less fear and less owner-directed behaviors, which may reflect the dog’s more independent personality. In conclusion, dogs’ emotional reactivity and the dog–owner relationship modulate each other, depending on the aspect of the relationship and dogs’ individual responsivity.

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Where Do We Stand in the Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris) Positive-Emotion Assessment: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Directions

Cited by 20 publications

References 474 publications

Dog Owners’ Survey reveals Medical Alert Dogs can alert to multiple conditions and multiple people

Dog Owners’ Survey reveals Medical Alert Dogs can alert to multiple conditions and multiple people

Current Advances in Assessment of Dog’s Emotions, Facial Expressions, and Their Use for Clinical Recognition of Pain

Dog–Owner Relationship, Owner Interpretations and Dog Personality Are Connected with the Emotional Reactivity of Dogs

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