Whey for Sarcopenia; Can Whey Peptides, Hydrolysates or Proteins Play a Beneficial Role?

Abstract

As the human body ages, skeletal muscle loses its mass and strength. It is estimated that in 10% of individuals over the age of 60, this muscle frailty has progressed to sarcopenia. Biomarkers of sarcopenia include increases in inflammatory markers and oxidative stress markers and decreases in muscle anabolic markers. Whey is a high-quality, easily digested dairy protein which is widely used in the sports industry. This review explores the evidence that whey protein, hydrolysates or peptides may have beneficial effects on sarcopenic biomarkers in myoblast cell lines, in aged rodents and in human dietary intervention trials with the older consumer. A daily dietary supplementation of 35 g of whey is likely to improve sarcopenic biomarkers in frail or sarcopenia individuals. Whey supplementation, consumed by an older, healthy adult certainly improves muscle mTOR signaling, but exercise appears to have the greatest benefit to older muscle. In vitro cellular assays are central for bioactive and bioavailable peptide identification and to determine their mechanism of action on ageing muscle.

Impact of Cooking Preparation on In Vitro Digestion of Eggs Simulating Some Gastrointestinal Alterations in Elders

“…Physiological functions declining with aging include body composition, brain function, gastrointestinal (GI) tract function, fluid balance, bones and joints, or cardiovascular system, among others . Sarcopenia, loss of muscle mass associated with a protein deficit, asthenia, depression, or weakness of the immune system often occur in elderly. , The masticatory deficiency in elderly, i.e., leading to food boluses with larger particle size distribution and more difficult to swallow, has been reported to influence the nutrients digestibility . Also, a decline in the GI tract function has been reported to be partially responsible for the protein deficit.…”

Paradigm shift in gastrointestinal surgery − combating sarcopenia with prehabilitation: Multimodal review of clinical and scientific data

“…This additional redox defense may be beneficial as oxidative stress has been shown to increase in sarcopenia[ 56 ] and induce during surgical stress response[ 57 , 58 ]. Next, sarcopenic patients manifest a heightened inflammatory state[ 59 ], associated with high levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor[ 60 - 62 ]. The added benefit of whey protein is that it contains α-lactalbumin and lactoferrin, which have been demonstrated to inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 in rat and human myogenic cells[ 63 , 64 ].…”

Beneficial Effects of Walnut Oligopeptides on Muscle Loss in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone-8 (SAMP8) Mice: Focusing on Mitochondrial Function

“…[ 22 ]. Considered to be protein-upgrading products, hydrolysates or peptides play a beneficial role in sarcopenia [ 23 ]. As a typical bioactive peptide, walnut ( Juglans regia L.) oligopeptides (WOPs) are enzymatically hydrolyzed from walnut seed residues after oil extraction.…”