Which are the best predictors of theory of mind delay in children with specific language impairment?

Abstract

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Theory of Mind Deficits and Social Emotional Functioning in Preschoolers with Specific Language Impairment

“…Interestingly, Farrar et al (2009) found that while syntactic complementation was not correlated with FB performance in preschoolers with SLI, general grammatical development and vocabulary were significant predictors of ToM ability. In line with this, Andrés-Roqueta et al (2013) found that, compared to age-matched control children, children with SLI showed more problems on several FB tasks; moreover, FB performance in SLI was best predicted by their overall linguistic abilities, and their grammatical abilities in particular. In another study from this group (Andrés-Roqueta et al, 2016), similar results were found; preschoolers with SLI were shown to have a significant delay both in language and performance on FB and strange stories tasks.…”

Theory of Mind in Children With Specific Language Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

“…The exact mechanism through which language impairment influences ToM development in these children cannot, however, be inferred due to the lack of longitudinal investigations on this subject. Studies documenting moderate to strong associations between language and ToM within samples of children with SLI, nevertheless, support a link between these domains in this population (Andr es- Roqueta et al, 2013;Farmer, 2000;Farrar et al, 2009;Holmes, 2002;Stich, 2010). In two of these studies, specific linguistic correlates of ToM were also examined, hence informing the unsettled debate on this subject (e.g., Astington & Baird, 2005).…”

“…In two of these studies, specific linguistic correlates of ToM were also examined, hence informing the unsettled debate on this subject (e.g., Astington & Baird, ). Regression analyses revealed that grammatical ability was the strongest linguistic predictor of ToM performance in children with SLI (Andrés‐Roqueta et al., ; Farrar et al., ). Thus, grammatical difficulties that are prevalent in SLI (Bishop, ) may be implicated in the ToM impairments of these children.…”

“…In two studies within this meta‐analysis, executive functioning (i.e., sustained attention and working memory) correlated significantly with ToM performance in the children with SLI. Nevertheless, when executive functioning and general linguistic abilities were analyzed simultaneously, general linguistic abilities emerged as the strongest predictor of ToM performance (Andrés‐Roqueta et al., ; Holmes, ). Accordingly, language impairments may provide a more satisfactory explanation of ToM impairments in children with SLI compared to the executive function deficits also found in these children.…”

Referring expressions and structural language abilities in children with specific language impairment: A pragmatic tolerance account

“…an inability to take an addressee's perspective). Further, since there is evidence to suggest that children with SLI can pass these tests of false belief by seven years of age (Andrés-Roqueta et al, 2013;Farmer, 2000), they should be within the reach of the children at the mean age of our clinical sample.…”