Which decision support tools for the environmental management of nitrogen?

Meynard, Jean-Marc; Cerf, Marianne; Guichard, Laurence; Jeuffroy, Marie‐Hélène; Makowski, David

doi:10.1051/agro:2002064

Cited by 60 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These farmers probably did not realise that the build-up of the harmful population of nematodes was related to the reduction in soil biodiversity caused by tillage (Clermont-Dauphin et al 2004 ). Meynard et al ( 2002 ) showed that farmers found it much easier to assess the economic performance of their production systems than their environmental performance. The environmental impacts of practices are often expressed on large geographical scales (catchment area, landscape) and long time scales (several years or even decades) that make it diffi cult to attribute them clearly to the individual practices of a given year.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Cropping Systems and Information Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cropping Systems to Improve Soil Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: The Outlook and Lines of Research

Clermont-Dauphin

Blanchart

Loranger-Merciris

et al. 2014

Sustainable Agriculture Reviews

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The intensive farming practices that have been developed over the past 60 years are based mainly on the use of chemical inputs such as fertilisers and pesticides, mechanical tillage and monoculture. The limitations of these methods are now clear: long-term degradation of soil fertility, impacts on the environment and human health, high consumption of fossil fuels, low efficiency of inputs and threats to food security in a context of climate change. Would farming practices that rely on the activation of ecological processes be an alternative to achieve a balance between high productivity and environmental preservation? While many studies suggest a positive relationship between soil biodiversity and ecosystem services, there is considerable debate on the form such agricultural systems should take. This study reviewed the state of current knowledge and identified aspects requiring further research to achieve the aim of sustainable intensification of agriculture. The following major points emerged: 1) Most studies focused on the evaluation of individual practices. However, changes in farmers’ cropping practices to take advantage of soil biodiversity services would need to manage not only the interactions between various practices but also the trade-off between the technical and socio economic constraints of cropping systems. Advances in agricultural system design approaches may help to ensure appropriate trade-offs. 2) More attention should be given to drawing on knowledge from different sources: laboratory studies focusing on the ecological functions of soil biodiversity, experimental surveys on farmers’ fields to rank the farming practices and processes to be included in site-specific models, and on- station experiments to test hypotheses and acquire additional reference material. 3) Whereas advances in technical and scientific knowledge provide an increasing number of relevant indicators for characterizing biodiversity and ecological functions, studies are rarely targeted at the development of indicators that are accessible to farmers or their technical advisors. The lack of indicators accessible to grassroots players for evaluating the impacts of their decisions on soil biodiversity remains a serious obstacle to the development of innovative agro-ecological systems

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Section: The Relationship Between Cropping Systems and Information Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cropping Systems to Improve Soil Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: The Outlook and Lines of Research

Clermont-Dauphin

Blanchart

Loranger-Merciris

et al. 2014

Sustainable Agriculture Reviews

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“…Principes g en eraux Nous nous sommes inspir es des concepts de d emarche qualit e et de management environnemental, d ej a eprouv es dans le cas de la gestion de l'azote en grandes cultures (Meynard et al, 2002). La d emarche suit le principe de « boucle de progr es », avec une r e evaluation r eguli ere des programmes de lutte en fonction des r esultats constat es et des actions mises en oeuvre, dans le but d'am eliorer la situation pas a pas.…”

Section: Conception Du Programme D'actions Et Du Tableau De Bordunclassified

Quels rapports entre tournesols, santé publique et territoires ?

Sausse

Chollet

Delval

et al. 2011

OCL

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Proposition d'un tableau de bord pour la gestion concert ee de l'ambroisie (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)L'ambroisie (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) est une plante adventice des cultures de printemps, egalement a l'origine d'un grave probl eme de sant e publique, en raison de son pollen allerg ene auquel un peu plus de 10 % de la population expos ee est sensible sur une p eriode de mi-juillet a mi-septembre (Girodet, 2008). Cette plante pionni ere a tendance a envahir aussi bien les espaces agricoles que non agricoles : voiries, chantier, friches... Introduite en France depuis la fin du XIX e si ecle, elle est actuellement en expansion (Chauvel et al., 2006). Ses caract eristiques biologiques en font un adversaire redoutable. Chaque plant produit entre 300 et 6 000 ak enes, dont la viabilit e peut atteindre plus de 40 ans et qui se dispersent via des vecteurs vari es : eau, terre, engins de travail du sol, r ecolte, transports, terrassement. . . (Fumanal, 2007 ;Chauvel et al., 2006). Enfin, l'ambroisie appartient a la même famille botanique que le tournesol, ce qui rend son d esherbage chimique de pr elev ee d elicat, même si la mise sur le march e depuis 2010 de tournesols tol erants a des herbicides de la famille des ALS permet dor enavant d' elargir la gamme de solutions. Des champs de tournesol fortement infest es ont ainsi conduit a d esigner cette culture comme un des principaux responsables de la situation alarmante observ ee dans certains secteurs de la r egion Rhône-Alpes.Cette situation a interpell e le Cetiom qui a d ecid e d'engager avec d'autres partenaires scientifiques et techniques un programme de recherche-d eveloppement visant a fournir des r eponses op erationnelles au probl eme de l'ambroisie. Ce Abstract: The ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is usually known by farmers as a detrimental weed in spring crops, especially sunflower. But it is also known more generally as a public health issue due to its allergenic pollen. The fight against ragweed implies new methods out of the scope of those usually used by agronomists. It does not concern only the cultivated field but the whole territory, not only the farmers but a group of actors not always sharing the same point of view. In order to deal with this complex situation, we built a monitoring dashboard and tested it in the context of a small territory near Lyon (France). This tool allowed the local decision makers to be informed about the management practices, the measures implemented, and their efficiency. The assessments made in 2005 and 2007 usefully highlighted some critical points, such as the management of inter cropping periods on agricultural areas. This monitoring methodology faces some practical problems and still needs to be improved. However, it presents several advantages : the adaptation to local conditions can complement or provide an alternative to approaches based only on regulation. The lessons learned at the local level in the context of this pilot operation can also lead to a global improvement of ragweed control methods.

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“…Cette dépendance de l'outil à l'égard du SIC peut poser problème, car la maintenance de l'outil est coûteuse, et, dès qu'elle ne sera plus assurée, l'outil sera condamné. Comme le soulignent Meynard et al (2002), il serait souhaitable de conduire, dès la conception de l'outil, une réflexion sur la façon dont sa maintenance sera prise en compte dans les SIC. Ainsi, dans certains travaux récents, la facilité d'adaptation de l'outil à de nouvelles variétés a été placée en tête du « cahier des charges » lors de la conception : c'est le cas, par exemple, de l'outil BETHA (Loyce et al, 2001), qui vise à aider au choix de l'itinéraire technique du blé.…”

Section: Les Sic Et L'accompagnement De L'outilunclassified

“…En effet, cette dernière est guidée par les finalités : le conseiller choisit des situations pour construire un conseil adapté à leur diversité au sein de la petite région ; l'agriculteur, lui, cherche à évaluer la possibilité d'appliquer une « procédure de routine » ayant fait ses preuves (Cerf, 1996). Comment l'outil peut-il alors aider à construire ces procédures de routine et à reconnaître les situations où elles ne s'appliquent pas (Meynard et al, 2002) ?…”

Section: Enrichir L'anticipation Des Utilisateurs Des Usages Et Des unclassified

Les outils de pilotage des cultures : diversité de leurs usages et enseignements pour leur conception

Cerf¹,

Meynard

2006

Natures Sciences Sociétés

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Which decision support tools for the environmental management of nitrogen?

Cited by 60 publications

References 35 publications

Cropping Systems to Improve Soil Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: The Outlook and Lines of Research

Cropping Systems to Improve Soil Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: The Outlook and Lines of Research

Quels rapports entre tournesols, santé publique et territoires ?

Les outils de pilotage des cultures : diversité de leurs usages et enseignements pour leur conception

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