Which emotions last longest and why: The role of event importance and rumination

Verduyn, Philippe; Lavrijsen, Saskia

doi:10.1007/s11031-014-9445-y

Cited by 130 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Research examining the features and experiences of 27 emotions clearly indicates that rumination has its strongest link with persistent sadness (Verduyn & Lavrijsen, 2015). This finding has clear implications for perseverating perfectionists given the evidence we have presented thus far; distressed and stressed vulnerable perfectionists should have prolonged negative emotionality in ways that can protract and exacerbate the existing emotional distress, stress, and negative arousal, which help set the stage for experiencing health problems.…”

Section: Longer Lasting Negative Emotions and Stress Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Perfectionism, Worry, and Rumination in Health and Mental Health: A Review and a Conceptual Framework for a Cognitive Theory of Perfectionism

Flett

Nepon

Hewitt

2015

Perfectionism, Health, and Well-Being

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This chapter examines the tendency for perfectionists to ruminate, worry, and experience various other forms of overthinking when they feel stressed and distressed because life is less than perfect and they feel less than perfect due to an abiding sense of failure. Our analysis focuses jointly on worry and rumination as comparable forms of cognitive perseveration that can impair the well-being and prolong and exacerbate the stress and emotional distress of obsessive perfectionists. Our chapter is based extensively, though not exclusively, on the seminal work on rumination and brooding by Susan Nolen-Hoeksema and her colleagues (see Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991). Indeed, this chapter is dedicated to her memory and her many exceptional contributions. Several years ago, the first author of this chapter had the exceedingly good fortune to attend a compelling keynote address by Dr. Nolen-Hoeksema; it was during the question phase of this keynote address when Dr. Nolen-Hoeksema highlighted the link between perfectionism and rumination in her answer to a challenging question about the likely developmental antecedents of rumination. Her immediate response emphasized perfectionism as a possible antecedent of rumination and the need for further exploration of this association.Research on perfectionism and rumination and associated forms of cognitive perseveration has progressed at a steady rate. This is important because gaining a better understanding of the link between perfectionism and cognitive perseveration and associated cognitive processes is essential to illuminate the complexities inherent in perfectionism. Accordingly, in the current chapter, we summarize and analyze an existing body of research that shows consistent links between perfectionism and rumination. A key theme that emerges from our summary is that both self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP; along with other elements of evaluative concerns perfectionism) are associated consistently with

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Section: Longer Lasting Negative Emotions and Stress Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Perfectionism, Worry, and Rumination in Health and Mental Health: A Review and a Conceptual Framework for a Cognitive Theory of Perfectionism

Flett

Nepon

Hewitt

2015

Perfectionism, Health, and Well-Being

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“…The optimal solution, as indicated by the HQ LCVAR , All clusters showed positive autocorrelations over three lags. Given that previous work showed median duration for episodes of anxiety, irritation, relaxation, and contentment of four hours or less (Verduyn & Lavrijsen, 2015) we understand the relative stabilities we observed as emotion sequences throughout the day. The negative emotions (anxiety, gloomy, irritable) showed slightly stronger autocorrelations than the positive emotions, in line with the literature (Verduyn & Lavrijsen, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Theories surrounding emotion regulation suggest that individuals perceive and predict situations differently and construct qualitatively different emotional processes (Barrett, 2018) that differ in their persistence (Verduyn & Lavrijsen, 2015) and therefore display qualitatively distinct dynamic affect patterns (Houben et al, 2015). Good emotion regulation may manifest itself, for instance, by rarely moving out of positive affect states and by moving out of negative affect states quickly (Hay & Diehl, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-individual differences in multivariate time series: Latent class vector-autoregressive modelling

Ernst¹,

Albers²,

Jeronimus³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Theories of emotion regulation posit the existence of individual differences in emotion dynamics. Current multi-subject time-series models account for differences in dynamics across individuals only to a very limited extent. This results in an aggregation that may poorly apply at the individual level. We present the exploratory method of latent class vector-autoregressive modelling (LCVAR), which extends the time-series models to include clustering of individuals with similar dynamic processes. LCVAR can identify individuals with similar emotion dynamics in intensive time-series, which may be of unequal length. The method performs excellently under a range of simulated conditions. The value of identifying clusters in time-series is illustrated using affect measures of 410 individuals, assessed at over 70 time points per individual. LCVAR discerned six clusters of distinct emotion dynamics with regard to diurnal patterns and augmentation and blunting processes between eight emotions.

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“…It is possible that children begin to understand emotions that are longer lasting in duration and fail to understand more fleeting emotions. Happiness, sadness, and anger have a longer time course, whereas fear, surprise, and disgust are more fleeting (Verduyn, & Lavrijsen, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Happiness, sadness, and anger have a longer time course, whereas fear, surprise, and disgust are more fleeting (Verduyn, & Lavrijsen, 2015).…”

Section: Emotion Category Understandingmentioning

confidence: 99%

It's written all over their faces: Preschoolers' emotion understanding

Bisson

2018

Social Development

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Emotion understanding is a multifaceted construct made up of several components. To identify how several common components of emotion understanding relate to one another, five emotion understanding tasks were compared within the same group of children. Fifty‐four preschool children (M = 3.81 years, SD = 0.40) were asked to display the typical facial expression of six emotions after hearing their corresponding emotion label. They were then read six vignettes and asked to: “use your face to show how [the protagonist] would feel,” provide an emotion label for the main character, and “choose a picture of a face that would look like [the main character].” Finally, they were asked to provide a label for emotions presented to them in photographs. For all tasks, six emotions were examined: happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. With the exception of the two modeling tasks, results show correlations among the emotion understanding tasks. There was a significant interaction between task and emotion category for emotion understanding accuracy. However, there was some consistency in the pattern of discrete emotion categorization emergence across the tasks. Additionally, accuracy scores (representing emotion understanding) across tasks were not equivalent. Findings are discussed in the broader context of emotion understanding.

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Which emotions last longest and why: The role of event importance and rumination

Cited by 130 publications

References 24 publications

Perfectionism, Worry, and Rumination in Health and Mental Health: A Review and a Conceptual Framework for a Cognitive Theory of Perfectionism

Perfectionism, Worry, and Rumination in Health and Mental Health: A Review and a Conceptual Framework for a Cognitive Theory of Perfectionism

Inter-individual differences in multivariate time series: Latent class vector-autoregressive modelling

It's written all over their faces: Preschoolers' emotion understanding

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