Which Intelligence is Most Important in Forming the Entrepreneurial Spirit?

Abstract

Abstrak Pengaruh peran wirausahawan menjadi sangat tinggi di dunia bisnis saat ini. Karena kurangnya semangat berwiraswastaKata kunci: semangat berwirausaha, intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, social intelligence, adversary intelligence. AbstractThe role of entrepreneurs becomes more influential in the current business world. Due to lack of entrepreneurial spirit, many entrepreneurs experience unsuccessful result in their entrepreneurship journey. Entrepreneurial spirit results from a combination of someone's hereditary factors, experience, and environment. This gives HRM wide room of discussion to find suitable stimulating factors to improve entrepreneurial spirit. Growing evidence shows various intelligence can contribute to someone's entrepreneurial spirit including intellectual quotient, emotional quotient, spiritual quotient, social quotient, and adversity quotient. This research aims to examine which of each quotient has the most influential factor to the entrepreneurial spirit. This study was conducted using 30 small-and-medium-scale fashion entrepreneurs in Bandung and analyzed using weighting approach and ranking method. Based on the findings, this research suggests that SQ (Spiritual Quotient), followed by adversary quotient, has the strongest influence in shaping the entrepreneurial spirit.

Investigating the relationship between the concepts of spiritual intelligence and entrepreneurship: A systematic review

“…The goals of the organization [34,36] could also adjust the in uence of one's spiritual intelligence on entrepreneurship. Soemaryani [33] predicts that heredity factors and one's characteristics could also have the responsibility. Hendijani Fard et al adjudged the concept of entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial behavior, the tendency for planning for the future, attitude toward behavior, perceived behavioral control, prior experience, social issues, and moral obligation as the in uencing factors [21].…”

“…Various factors could control one's spiritual intelligence, in uencing entrepreneurship. Religious beliefs and customs [34], culture [33], past experiences [33,35,37], and one's education, capabilities, and knowledge [29,36,37] were the individual factors, that predicted the outcomes.…”

“…But undoubtedly, in the means of factors predicting the relationship between one's spiritual intelligence and entrepreneurship, authors concluded that it is the environmental factors that in uence the variables the most. Environmental factors such as socioeconomic status and governmental policies [29,30,33,35,36] may be in the assortment of supportive mechanisms of the environment [35].…”

“…Section Two: Outcomes Within all the studies included in the current systematic review, seven studies concluded that spiritual intelligence has a direct and signi cant in uence on entrepreneurship [30,33,34,[36][37][38], and one concluded that spiritual intelligence may have an indirect and insigni cant effect on entrepreneurship [29] and one although con rmed the direction of spiritual intelligence on the on social entrepreneurial intention, the intensity of this effect was low [21].…”

“…With these characteristics of an entrepreneur, one may have certain capabilities among others. Then she describes a unique set combination of multiple intelligence for a common Individual; Intelligent Quotient (IQ), Emotional Quotient (EQ), Spiritual Quotient (SQ), Social Intelligence (SI), physical intelligence, Adversity Quotient (AQ), and culture-Art quotient in the environment of the fashion industry in Bandung [33]. Predictors of the mentioned terms were hereditary factors, someone's experience, environment (economy, competitor, society, government policy), an entrepreneur's characteristics and capabilities, and someone's intellectual, emotional, spiritual, social, physical, culture-art, and adversity intelligence.…”