Which origin for polycystic ovaries syndrome: Genetic, environmental or both?

A meta-analysis of the relationship between vitamin D receptor gene ApaI polymorphisms and polycystic ovary syndrome

“…As it has been established that PCOS is a complex, multifactorial disease influenced by both environmental and genetic factors, 28 a single genetic variant is normally insufficient to prevent susceptibility toward this disease. The important feature of this gene polymorphism is that its occurrence can vary sufficiently among different races or ethnic populations.…”

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 serum activity and concentration are increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

“…), is one key indicator for the diagnosis of PCOS. Furthermore, hyperandrogenism in PCOS is frequently associated to hyperinsulinaemia . We analysed the effects of insulin stimulation on DPP4 expression in COV434 and KGN cells, but did not detect any effect (data not shown).…”

The Association Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Dermatological Manifestations

“…The etiology of PCOS is multifactorial, with a clear genetic component exhibited by the familial aggregation studies with epidemiological illustrations. Epigenetic changes are reported in literature describing the hypothesis of environmental factors reprogramming the future ovarian function [10]. The genetic part is determined by the gene variants, epigenetics, race or ethnicity, and the environmental element, which further includes diet, lifestyle, and socioeconomic, toxicologic, and geographical factors [11].…”