It has been said that, by standing on the shoulders of giants, one gets to see further, and in Artificial Whiteness, Yarden Katz stands on the shoulders of various figures in critical race theory and other disciplines to mount a critique of artificial intelligence for its alleged complicity with imperialism, capitalism, and the maintenance, expansion, and refinement of white supremacy.Setting the tone of the book from the very outset as an exploration of the politics and ideology rather than the history of AI, Katz refers in the Preface to the "avalanche of 'AI' propaganda", and "a depressing willingness on the part of academics to serve empire and the corporate world with remarkable flexibility" (x). The author, a white male anti-Zionist Jew of mixed Arab, North African, and Bulgarian Sephardic ancestry -and I mention this because he provides an autobiographical note exploring the "personal motivation" for his study in the Introduction, namely, "the settler-colonialist coordinate system connecting Jewishness and whiteness" (16) -is explicit about his concern to interrogate the "self-evident discourse on AI" by focusing on its discursive constitution, "read[ing] AI's present through its past and . . . examining the political and ideological projects served by its reappearances" (3), that is, the maintenance of white supremacy under neoliberalism and the advancement of settler colonial, carceral, and surveillant projects.Crucially, Katz insists that "from the start, AI was nebulous and contested" (5), and he points to the need for empire and capital to iteratively rearticulate its value given such contestation, "each of AI's iterations [having] produced racialized, gendered, and classed models of the self, delivered with imperialist rhetorics of colonization and conquest" (7) On his reading, AI serves a dual purpose: politically, it functions as a prosthesis in the maintenance of racial social order and the advance of imperialist and capitalist projects; ideologically, it functions as a site for reinscribing the invisibility of whiteness. As he says, "to understand AI's formation, trajectory, and function . . . it should be viewed as a technology of whiteness: a tool that not only serves the aims of white supremacy but also reflects the form of whiteness as an ideology." Importantly, in this connection, Katz maintains that "AI takes the form of a makeshift patchwork" which he characterises as "nebulous and shifting" and which mimics "the structure of whiteness as an ideology" (9), thereby suggesting AI functions as a floating signifier for imperialist racial capitalism (20, 27, 35, 163). As an interesting discursive aside, Katz indicates a