White–opaque switching in Candida albicans

Lohse, Matthew B.; Johnson, Alexander D.

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2009.09.010

Cited by 138 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Production of Msb2 could subsequently provide the same protection to E. faecalis, leading to long-term colonisation of the root canal. It has also been shown that dual-species biofilms of these two organisms upregulate expression of the C. albicans transcriptional regulator WOR1, to which controls the phenotypic switch from the white to opaque cell type, that has been shown to be less susceptible to the innate immune system [113,114]. C. albicans has also demonstrated the ability to promote the growth of E. faecalis in the gastrointestinal tract [115,116].…”

Section: Endodontic Infections: Sinister Encounters In the Darkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi at the Scene of the Crime: Innocent Bystanders or Accomplices in Oral Infections?

Delaney

Kean

Short

et al. 2018

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

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Purpose of Review Over the last decade, microbiome studies have enhanced our knowledge and understanding of the polymicrobial nature of oral infections. Recently, profiling of the fungal microbiome has expanded our conventional understanding of oral ecology, revealing the critical importance of yeasts within this complex microbiome. This review aims to explore our current appreciation of interkingdom interactions in oral disease. Recent Findings There is a growing evidence base of interactions and pathogenic synergy and antagonism with bacterial species within oral disease. Recent studies have helped to develop our knowledge of how Candida albicans, alongside bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Lactobacillus species, influence overall pathogenicity. Summary Clinical and experimental evidence makes a compelling case for a role for C. albicans in a number of oral infections, though whether its role is an active accomplice or passive bystander remains to be determined.

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Section: Endodontic Infections: Sinister Encounters In the Darkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi at the Scene of the Crime: Innocent Bystanders or Accomplices in Oral Infections?

Delaney

Kean

Short

et al. 2018

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

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“…It has been reported that 3 Candida species (C. albicans, C.dubliniensis, and C. tropicalis) can undergo white-opaque switching, which is linked to the ability to cause systemic and cutaneous infections and to undergo sexual mating. 13,[19][20][21]25,34,35 We have recently discovered that C. albicans can also exist as a novel cell type, the gray phenotype, 25 which is distinct from the well-studied white and opaque cell types. 21 In the current study, we report the discovery of the gray phenotype and white-gray-opaque transitions in C. dubliniensis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…White-opaque switching in C. albicans has been intensively investigated in the previous decade. [18][19][20][21] White and opaque cells are 2 distinct and heritable cell types that differ in cellular morphologies, global gene expression profiles, susceptibility to host immune cells, and mating competency. White cells are round and relatively small, while opaque cells are elongated and large.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of the gray phenotype and white-gray-opaque tristable phenotypic transitions inCandida dubliniensis

Yue

Guan

et al. 2016

Virulence

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Candida dubliniensis is closely related to Candida albicans, a major causative agent of candidiasis, and is primarily associated with oral colonization and infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. Despite the high similarity of genomic and phenotypic features between the 2 species, C. dubliniensis is much less virulent and less prevalent than C. albicans. The ability to change morphological phenotypes is a striking feature of Candida species and is linked to virulence. In this study, we report a novel phenotype, the gray phenotype, in C. dubliniensis. Together with the previously reported white and opaque cell types, the gray phenotype forms a tristable phenotypic switching system in C. dubliniensis that is similar to the white-gray-opaque tristable switching system in C. albicans. Gray cells of C. dubliniensis are similar to their counterparts in C. albicans in terms of several biological aspects including cellular morphology, mating competence, and genetic regulatory mechanisms. However, the gray phenotypes of the 2 species have some distinguishing features. For example, the secreted aspartyl protease (Sap) activity is induced by bovine serum albumin (BSA) in gray cells of C. albicans, but not in gray cells of C. dubliniensis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the biological features and regulatory mechanisms of white-gray-opaque tristable transitions are largely conserved in the 2 pathogenic Candida species.

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“…C. albicans cells can alternate between white and opaque forms, and these two heritable states show marked differences in mating, immune cell interactions and virulence [70,71]. The master transcription factor regulating the white-opaque transition is Wor1, which ensures stable switching to the opaque state by positive feedback on its own promoter [72][73][74].…”

Section: Investigation Of Chromatin Structure and Transcriptional Regmentioning

confidence: 99%

Budding off: bringing functional genomics toCandida albicans

Anderson¹,

Bennett²

2015

Briefings in Functional Genomics

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Candida species are the most prevalent human fungal pathogens, with Candida albicans being the most clinically relevant species. Candida albicans resides as a commensal of the human gastrointestinal tract but is a frequent cause of opportunistic mucosal and systemic infections. Investigation of C. albicans virulence has traditionally relied on candidate gene approaches, but recent advances in functional genomics have now facilitated global, unbiased studies of gene function. Such studies include comparative genomics (both between and within Candida species), analysis of total RNA expression, and regulation and delineation of protein-DNA interactions. Additionally, large collections of mutant strains have begun to aid systematic screening of clinically relevant phenotypes. Here, we will highlight the development of functional genomics in C. albicans and discuss the use of these approaches to addressing both commensalism and pathogenesis in this species.

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White–opaque switching in Candida albicans

Cited by 138 publications

References 40 publications

Fungi at the Scene of the Crime: Innocent Bystanders or Accomplices in Oral Infections?

Fungi at the Scene of the Crime: Innocent Bystanders or Accomplices in Oral Infections?

Discovery of the gray phenotype and white-gray-opaque tristable phenotypic transitions inCandida dubliniensis

Budding off: bringing functional genomics toCandida albicans

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