White spot syndrome baculovirus (WSBV) detected in cultured and captured shrimp, crabs and other arthropods

Abstract

Whlte spot syndrome baculovirus (WSBV) has been found across ddferent shrimp species and in different Asian countries. The detection of WSBV in shrimp with white spot syndrome has already been achieved by means of l-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In an attempt to establish a more sensitive assay, we evaluated the effect of 2-step amplification with nested primers on the sensitivity of WSBV diagnostic PCR. The sensitivity of the 2-step amplification was 10" to 10"imes higher than that of l-step amplification. Using both techniques, we successfully detected WSBV DNA in cultured and captured shrimp, crabs and other arthropods. Cultured Penaeus monodon (black tiger shrimp), P. japonicus (kuruma shrimp), P penicjllatus (red tail shrimp), and Metapenaeus ensis (sand shrimp) displaying white spot syndrome were collected from farms at different localities. One-step amplification of the DNA extracted from these shrimps consistently yielded an expected 1447 bp PCR product. Some of the tested specimens of cultured Scylla serrata (mud crab) that exhibited white spot syndrome were positive in l-step WSBV diagnostic PCR, while others were positive only in 2-step WSBV diagnostic PCR. Use of the 2-step amplification protocol also detected a WSBV-specific DNA fragment in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (the giant freshwater prawn) exhibiting white spot syndrome. We also confirmed that WSBV exists in wild-caught shrimp (P monodon, f! japonicus, P semisulcatus and P penicillatus) and crabs (Charybdisferiatus. Portunuspelagicus and P. sanguinolentus) collected from the natural environment in coastal waters around southern Taiwan. Detection of WSBV in non-cultured arthropods collected from WSBV-affected shrimp farms revealed that copepods, the pest crab Hehce tndens, small pest Palaemonidae prawn and the larvae of an Ephydridae insect were reservoir hosts of WSBV. The relatedness between WSBV and Thailand's systemc ectodermal and mesodermal baculovirus (SEMBV) is d~scussed in this paper.

Influence of selected Indian immunostimulant herbs against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon with reference to haematological, biochemical and immunological changes

“…The principle clinical sign of the affected shrimp will be white spots in the exoskeleton and epidermis [1]. This virus can cause 100% mortalities within 3e10 days of the onset of the above symptoms .The WSSV has a wide host range and it has been observed not only in shrimps but also in crabs and other arthropods such as copepods, insects and pest prawns [2].…”

Development and application of monoclonal antibodies for the detection of white spot syndrome virus of penaeid shrimp

“…On histological analysis and in situ hybridization with WSSV-specific gene probes, it was determined that the animals were infected with an agent that appeared to be identical or very similar to WSSV. During this same time, Lo et al (1996) identified WSSV, using DNA amplification techniques, in cultured and captured species of shrimps, crabs and other arthropods. WSSV is a major concern in all shrimp-growing regions of the world and the presence of the virus in wild populations of shrimp and other crustaceans has raised serious concerns about the impact of WSSV on the environment and native aquatic species.…”

Development of a Rapid Method for Identifying Carryover Contamination of Positive Control DNA, Using a Chimeric Positive Control and Restriction Enzyme for the Diagnosis of White Spot Syndrome Virus by Nested PCR

“…WSSV has been found to infect a variety of wild and cultured crustaceans and arthropods and is considered a major pathogen of Litopenaeus vannamei, that is, primary farm-raised shrimp [3][4][5][6]. Thus, WSD has been listed as a notifiable disease by the World Organization of Animal Health (Office International des Epizooties, OIE) since 1997.…”

“…Thus, WSD has been listed as a notifiable disease by the World Organization of Animal Health (Office International des Epizooties, OIE) since 1997. The OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals [7] provides a standardized approach for the diagnosis of the diseases listed in the aquatic code, and the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is considered the standard for detecting WSSV [4]. According to the protocol, in the first-step PCR, 1,447 bp of the WSSV SalI DNA fragment is amplified with the WSSV 146F1 and R1 primer set.…”

“…According to the protocol, in the first-step PCR, 1,447 bp of the WSSV SalI DNA fragment is amplified with the WSSV 146F1 and R1 primer set. The first-step PCR product is then used as a template for amplification of a 941 bp second-step product using the WSSV 146F2 and R2 primer set [4,7].…”