“Whiteness Isn’t about Skin Color.” Challenges to Analyzing Racial Practices in a Norwegian Context

Dankertsen, Astri; Kristiansen, Tone Gunn Stene

doi:10.3390/soc11020046

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In a similar vein, some former field experiments in Norway have reported labor market discrimination experienced by African immigrants due to their dark skin tone (Kunst & Phillibert, 2018). According to Dankertsen and Kristiansen (2021), "Norwegianness" is something associated with "whiteness," and physical features such as skin color demark the boundaries of ethnicity and race in Norway. Thus, they assert that ethnic minorities experience discrimination in labor markets and the educational system.…”

Section: Immigrants' Representation In the Norwegian Labor Marketmentioning

confidence: 90%

Labor market pigeonholes: Positive stereotypes and immigrants’ frames of reference in the Norwegian hospitality industry

Gamage

2023

Preprint

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Despite the extensive research and policy focusing on labor market integration, the clustering of immigrants in elementary occupations is still apparent in many countries, including countries like Norway, where social equality is enshrined. In this study, we focused on two less researched factors for this, positive stereotypes and immigrants’ dual frame of reference to investigate their impact on immigrants’ clustering in elementary occupations. The present study draws heavily upon two influential theories in labor market integration and discrimination, namely, statistical discrimination theory and Piore's dual frame of reference theory. Based on qualitative data collected from a highly immigrant-concentrated industry in Kristiansand, Norway - the hospitality industry - the paper describes how positive stereotypes and immigrant workers' frames of reference contribute to immigrants' clustering in elementary occupations. According to previous studies, statistical discrimination, which refers to making hiring decisions based on previous experiences, stereotypes, particularly negative stereotypes, are among the major factors affecting immigrants’ clustering in elementary occupations. However, this study describes how positive stereotypes also lead to statistical discrimination and affect the immigrants’ clustering in elementary occupations. Further, considering immigrants’ dual frames of reference, this study demonstrates that the referencing points of immigrants cannot be limited to their home and host countries. Moreover, when comparing their reference points, immigrants consider financial benefits and social and cultural factors. Therefore, this study proposes “value aspects of immigrants’ frames of reference” as an extension of Piore’s dual frame of reference theory.

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Section: Immigrants' Representation In the Norwegian Labor Marketmentioning

confidence: 90%

Labor market pigeonholes: Positive stereotypes and immigrants’ frames of reference in the Norwegian hospitality industry

Gamage

2023

Preprint

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“…In asserting that Black lives do matter, and have mattered, in Europe, Black Europeans also challenge the denial of race and racism throughout Europe (Boulila, 2019a; Boulila, 2019b; Dankertsen and Kristiansen, 2021; Ghorashi, 2020; Lentin, 2008; McEachrane, 2014; Michel, 2015). This denial is entrenched in language and data collection, or the lack thereof, related to racial and ethnic groups.…”

Section: ‘We're Here Because You Were There!’: Black Europeans and Fi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Reading of Black Lives Matter in Europe

Beaman

2021

J of Common Market Studies

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In June 2020, the Parliament of the European Union voted to proclaim 'Black Lives Matter', a statement that also included how it 'strongly condemns the appalling death of George Floyd'. 1 This was a few weeks after Derek Chauvin, a white police officer in Minneapolis, killed George Floyd, a 46 year-old Black American man, by putting his knee on the Floyd's neck until he was no longer breathing. Darnella Frazier, a 17 year-old Black American woman, captured the almost nine minute video of his killing, including Floyd's last words, 'I can't breathe', which has since been shared worldwide.In the immediate wake of Floyd's death, in the midst of a global pandemic which disproportionately affected Black individuals, 2 mass protests and demonstrations occurred proclaiming Black Lives Matter, not just in Minneapolis, but throughout the United States, as well as in much of Europe and the world, including in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Belgium. One example is Assa Traoré, a French activist of Malian origin, who led a massive demonstration outside the High Court in Paris of more 20,000 protestors against police violence, including the death of her own brother, Adama Traoré, by the police four years prior in the banlieue of Beaumont-sur-Oise, for which she and her family have still not received justice (Collins, 2020). This demonstration also invoked Floyd's murder. Several protests signs invoked Black Lives Matter and 'I Can't Breathe', the last words of both Floyd and Adama Traoré. In a later interview with the French magazine, Antidote, Assa said, 'When George Floyd died, that's our brother. They [Floyd and Traoré] died the same way. I recognize myself in Black Lives Matter, we are all Black Lives Matter. Our common issue is racial discrimination. Here as over there, it is the Blacks, the non-whites, who are being killed' (Rhrissi, 2020).Later that same month, I served as panelist and moderator for a virtual panel discussion, 'Do Black Lives Matter in Europe?', for the Council for European Studies in conversation with political scientist Terri Givens and historian Kennetta Hammond Perry. 3 We had over 300 registrants for this webinar, indicating wide interest in this question. The question was not, 'should Black Lives Matter', but rather why and how Black Lives are not seen to matter, and historically seen not to have mattered, in Europe, despite the long and continued presence of Black individuals across the continent.The EU Parliament declaration, as well as protests such as this one in Paris, suggest the relevance and importance of Black Lives Matter in Europe. But what does such a declaration mean in the face of documented racism and discrimination against Black 1 https://www.dw.com/en/eu-declares-black-lives-matter-condemns-racism/a-53878516 2 In fact, Floyd's autopsy revealed that he was positive for COVID-19 (Neuman, 2020). 3 https://councilforeuropeanstudies.org/do-black-lives-matter-in-europe/

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A study on Children perceptions of social exclusion and the structural drivers of discrimination in Norwegian elementary schools

Granados

Smeplass

Rapp

et al. 2023

Children and Youth Services Review

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“Whiteness Isn’t about Skin Color.” Challenges to Analyzing Racial Practices in a Norwegian Context

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Labor market pigeonholes: Positive stereotypes and immigrants’ frames of reference in the Norwegian hospitality industry

Labor market pigeonholes: Positive stereotypes and immigrants’ frames of reference in the Norwegian hospitality industry

Towards a Reading of Black Lives Matter in Europe

A study on Children perceptions of social exclusion and the structural drivers of discrimination in Norwegian elementary schools

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