Who cares? A comparison of informal and formal care provision in Spain, England and the USA

Solé-Auró, Aïda; Crimmins, Eileen M.

doi:10.1017/s0144686x12001134

Cited by 59 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This proportion occupies an intermediate position between that observed in Spain, England, and the United States 29 . Our results showed an independent association between having one or more chronic diseases and receiving pensions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Factors associated with the receipt of pensions among older adults

et al. 2019

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OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of receipt of pensions and associated factors in a nationally representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 50 years and over.METHODS We used data from 9,130 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) baseline survey. The outcome variable was receipt of pensions from any source. The exploratory variables were age, gender, residence by region and by urban/rural area, household arrangements, schooling, household assets, perception of income sufficiency, age when started working, number of chronic diseases, and functional limitation. The analyses were based on the Poisson and binary logistic regressions.RESULTS The prevalence of the receipt of pension was 54.3%. In the multivariate analysis, the following factors showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) associations with the outcome: age [Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 2.59 and 3.24 for 60–69 and 70 years], rural residence (PR = 1.23 ), residence in the Northeast, South and Southeast compared to the North (PR ranging from 1.18 to 1.23), living arrangements (PR = 1.07 and 1.15 for living with one person and living alone), perception of income sufficiency (PR = 1.08 and 1.15 for sometimes and always), functional limitation (PR = 1.13) and having 1 and ≥ 2 chronic diseases (PR = 1,09 and 1,17). Negative association was observed for 5-8 years of education. No association between age when the individual started working and the outcome was observed. Younger participants (50–59 years old) with ≥ 2 diseases or functional limitation were 31% and 63% more likely to receive pensions, respectively; the strength of these associations declined with age.CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that health conditions are important determinants of early retirement. Discussions to increase age to the retirement cannot be separated from those on improvements in the health conditions of the Brazilian population.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Factors associated with the receipt of pensions among older adults

et al. 2019

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“…These variables are associated with physical functioning and/or caregiving under different contexts [3, 6, 14]. Other potential confounders were gender and whether a proxy responded to the interview.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, these measures range from “any difficulty” to perform one of more activities to complete inability to perform them (or comparable gradients). Recent cross-national comparisons have used “any difficulty” as the cutpoint to define a physical functioning limitation [3, 6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Informal care (that provided by non-paid relatives or friends) is the predominant source of long-term care in many countries such as the United States, West Europe and South Korea [3, 6]. The source of long-term care (that is, whether it is provided informally or through formal (paid) means) is strongly correlated with the availability of family members [3] and on the type of policies and programs offered for supporting the older individuals with ADL limitations [3, 7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The source of long-term care (that is, whether it is provided informally or through formal (paid) means) is strongly correlated with the availability of family members [3] and on the type of policies and programs offered for supporting the older individuals with ADL limitations [3, 7]. Although there have been a few cross-national comparisons, there is evidence that the source of long-term care is a product of both socioeconomic position and social policies and may vary among countries [7, 8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Socioeconomic inequalities in activities of daily living limitations and in the provision of informal and formal care for noninstitutionalized older Brazilians: National Health Survey, 2013

Lima‐Costa

Mambrini

Peixoto

et al. 2016

Int J Equity Health

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BackgroundThis study assesses the association between socioeconomic factors and living arrangements with activity of daily living limitations (ADL) and the receipt of informal and formal care among non-institutionalized Brazilians aged ≥ 60 years.MethodsData come from a nationally representative survey (the Brazilian National Health Survey), conducted in 2013. Outcomes examined include the number of ADL tasks performed with limitations and number of tasks for which the individual received informal care (provided by unpaid relatives or friends), formal care, or no care. Key exposure variables were years of education and household assets.ResultsFunctioning limitations were reported by 7,233 (30.1 %) of 23,815 survey participants. Of these, 5,978 reported needing help to perform at least one ADL task. There was a strong inverse gradient between physical functioning and both education and household assets that was independent of confounders. The provision of care showed an opposite trend, with the wealthiest being more likely to receive help for performing ADL tasks. The receipt of formal care was strongly correlated with highest education (Fully adjusted prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.64; 95 % CI 1.05, 2.58) and with the highest assets level (PR = 2.24; 95 % CI 1.38, 3.64). Living with someone else was associated with provision of care (formal or informal) for those at the lowest and intermediate educational and assets levels, but not for the wealthiest.ConclusionDespite worse physical functioning, older Brazilians in worse socioeconomic conditions are much less likely to receive needed help in performing ADL tasks.

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Moving for proximity to family, care needs and the locations of family members: An analysis of matched survey and register data

Mulder,

Kooiman

2023

Population Space and Place

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Proximity to family forms a quite common motivation for moving. Older adults' care needs may underlie this motivation, but little is known about the extent to which this is the case. We investigate how moving motivated by proximity to family is associated with (1) the residential locations of parents, siblings and children and (2) indicators of older adults' care needs. We employ data from five Netherlands' Housing Surveys (2006, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018) matched with register data. Uniquely, we use indicators of parents' formal care use in analyses for respondents aged 30–64, and own care use for respondents aged 65 and older. We find that, as hypothesised, those whose parents or children live far away are more likely to move for proximity reasons than others. However, we do not find such an association for siblings living far away. Contrary to expectations, respondents are more likely to report moving for proximity reasons if they have geographically distant parents who do not use care than if they have distant parents who do. We find no convincing evidence that older parents' own care needs induce moves motivated by proximity to family. Rather, own care needs induce moves that are motivated by health or a need for care but are mostly not directed towards family.

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Who cares? A comparison of informal and formal care provision in Spain, England and the USA

Cited by 59 publications

References 32 publications

Factors associated with the receipt of pensions among older adults

Factors associated with the receipt of pensions among older adults

Socioeconomic inequalities in activities of daily living limitations and in the provision of informal and formal care for noninstitutionalized older Brazilians: National Health Survey, 2013

Moving for proximity to family, care needs and the locations of family members: An analysis of matched survey and register data

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