Who Gets the Top Jobs? The Role of Family Background and Networks in Recent Graduates’ Access to High-status Professions

Macmillan, Lindsey; Tyler, Claire; Vignoles, Anna

doi:10.1017/s0047279414000634

Cited by 134 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…If they did have multiple outcomes, or work on a temporary basis this was something that did not tend to last for more than a twelve month period. These findings partially support those from a study by Macmillan, Tyler and Vignoles (2013). They found that socioeconomic status affects the likelihood of a recent graduate accessing a top job e.g.…”

Section: Pre-entry Characteristics Influenced a Graduate Trajectorysupporting

confidence: 89%

Beyond graduation: The trajectories of graduates in North Wales

Crew¹

2015

PPP

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Higher Education (HE) is in a state of transformation, with the economic recession leading to an even greater emphasis on graduate outcomes. Despite a proliferation of literature relating to under-represented groups 'getting ready for', 'getting into' and 'staying in' HE, less attention has been devoted to how they 'get on', post graduation, particularly in the long term. Existing UK research suggests that graduate opportunities are influenced by pre-entry characteristics, institution attended and subject studied. However it is noted that the majority of studies focus on first destinations (six months after graduation). This reflects the first six months after graduation and single outcomes. As a result this ESRC-funded study investigated graduates' long term trajectories up to four years after graduation. The mixed methods study focused on graduates from three different types of degree awarding institutions in North Wales and on three specific subjects -chosen for contrast and convenience. Half of the sample self identified as being non-traditional students. The study revealed that those graduates who defined themselves as being non-traditional students were more likely to have multiple outcomes or be in temporary employment, to have disrupted trajectories and lack social networks. This has serious implications for wider issues of social justice within education.

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Section: Pre-entry Characteristics Influenced a Graduate Trajectorysupporting

confidence: 89%

Beyond graduation: The trajectories of graduates in North Wales

Crew¹

2015

PPP

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“…To separate that part which may be related to human capital investment we also compute a dummy for having attended a private school before university. Private schools are expensive and tend to affect labour market outcomes positively, representing an investment on the part of the parents (Macmillan, Tyler, and Vignoles 2015).…”

Section: Parental Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Employment and earning differences in the early career of ethnic minority British graduates: the importance of university career, parental background and area characteristics

Zwysen

Longhi

2017

Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies

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Ethnic minorities in the U.K. are more likely than the white majority to gain university qualifications, but experience worse labour market outcomes on average. This paper compares employment and earnings of British graduates from ethnic minorities to those of white British graduates to analyse whether ethnic labour market differences exist among the highly qualified, and whether they can be explained by differences in parental background, local area characteristics or differences in university careers. These factors account for a substantial part of persistent ethnic differences in earnings, but explain very little of the differences in employment. Compared to the literature estimating ethnic labour market inequalities on people with any level of qualification, we find smaller ethnic differences in employment and almost no differences in earnings among graduates entering the labour market. The results are robust to various changes in model specification.

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“…Thus, major groups 1 and 2 (i.e. managers and professionals) are regarded as the "high-status" occupations (Bukodi and Goldthorpe 2011;Macmillan et al 2015). But, given the possibility that many other jobs outside these two groups are now utilising graduates' skills, for a classification of graduate jobs, it is necessary to go beyond the traditional notion of high status.…”

Section: The Concept and Indicators Of A "Graduate Job"mentioning

confidence: 99%

The changing graduate labour market: analysis using a new indicator of graduate jobs

Green¹,

Henseke²

2016

IZA J Labor Policy

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This paper examines differentiation in the recent evolving graduate labour market in Britain. Using a novel statistically derived indicator of graduate jobs, based on job skill requirements in three-digit occupations obtained from the British Skills and Employment Survey series, we analyse trends in the labour market between 1997/2001 and 2006/2012. The indicator performs better than other indicators in validation tests, could be applied flexibly in other contexts, and is available in the Additional file 1. We find that the massive influx of graduates into the labour force has been absorbed with no increase in overeducation. However, the returns to graduation have become more dispersed, with those at the upper quartile of the residual distribution increasing, while those at the lowest quartile have fallen. The wage gap between matched and overeducated graduates increased by 11 log points. Using the British Household Panel Study, we find that the persistence of overeducation status did not change but for non-employed male graduates moving into employment, the chances of entering a graduate job decreased.JEL Classification: J21, J24, J3

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Who Gets the Top Jobs? The Role of Family Background and Networks in Recent Graduates’ Access to High-status Professions

Cited by 134 publications

References 50 publications

Beyond graduation: The trajectories of graduates in North Wales

Beyond graduation: The trajectories of graduates in North Wales

Employment and earning differences in the early career of ethnic minority British graduates: the importance of university career, parental background and area characteristics

The changing graduate labour market: analysis using a new indicator of graduate jobs

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