There is currently a debate in policy circles about access to "the upper echelons of power" (Sir John Major, ex Prime Minister, 2013). This research seeks to understand the relationship between family background and early access to top occupations. We find that privately educated graduates are a third more likely to enter into high status occupations than state educated graduates from similarly affluent families and neighbourhoods. A modest part of this difference is driven by educational attainment with a larger part of the story working through the university that the privately educated graduates attend. Staying on to do a Masters and higher degree is also a (smaller) part of the picture. We explore one potential mechanism which is often posited as a route in accessing top jobs: the role of networks. We find that although networks cannot account for the private school advantage, the use of networks provides an additional advantage over and above background and this varies by the type of top occupation that the graduate enters. A private school graduate who uses personal networks to enter into a top managerial position has a 1.5 percentage point advantage (on a baseline 6.1%) over a state school graduate who uses other ways to find their job. JEL classification: J62, L14

This study offers a role definition of the nurse prescriber in family planning, and an indicative curriculum for cognate educational programmes.

The results indicate that the modified instrument is valid and reliable and therefore can be used with confidence to assess the training needs of FPNPs. In addition, the factors have outlined a cogent definition of the role of the FPNP, which can be used both to inform educational programmes and to assess their efficacy.

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The aim of this article is to encourage nurses to question their actions when caring for patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Some of the main effects of isolation are discussed with reference to specific problems encountered by spinal cord-injured patients in isolation. The advantages and potential problems of a policy for the management of MRSA in a spinal injuries unit are outlined. It concludes that it is not always necessary to isolate all patients who are colonized/Infected with MRSA; provided that basic Infection control measures are followed carefully, and staff, patients, and visitors are educated on the risks of MRSA, it is safe to nurse some of these patients on an open ward.