Who Harvests and Why? Characteristics of Guatemalan Households Harvesting Xaté (Chamaedorea ernesti-augusti)1

Williams, Sophie J.; Clubbe, Colin; Dibble, Amanda; Marroquín, Adolfo; Jones, Julia P. G.

doi:10.1007/s12231-012-9214-3

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The relative importance these factors have on people's behavior differs from one behavior to another. For example, Williams et al (2012) show that training could encourage people to cultivate xaté (Chamaedorea ernestiaugusti) in Belize rather over harvest wild plants. The training focused on increasing technical knowledge and developing a perception that individuals could succeed in cultivating it; attitudes and norms barely influenced this behavior.…”

Section: Agential Approaches To Illegal Wildlife Huntingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a new understanding of the links between poverty and illegal wildlife hunting

Duffy

John

Büscher

et al. 2015

Conservation Biology

194

160

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Conservation organizations have increasingly raised concerns about escalating rates of illegal hunting and trade in wildlife. Previous studies have concluded that people hunt illegally because they are financially poor or lack alternative livelihood strategies. However, there has been little attempt to develop a richer understanding of the motivations behind contemporary illegal wildlife hunting. As a first step, we reviewed the academic and policy literatures on poaching and illegal wildlife use and considered the meanings of poverty and the relative importance of structure and individual agency. We placed motivations for illegal wildlife hunting within the context of the complex history of how wildlife laws were initially designed and enforced to indicate how hunting practices by specific communities were criminalized. We also considered the nature of poverty and the reasons for economic deprivation in particular communities to indicate how particular understandings of poverty as material deprivation ultimately shape approaches to illegal wildlife hunting. We found there is a need for a much better understanding of what poverty is and what motivates people to hunt illegally.

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Section: Agential Approaches To Illegal Wildlife Huntingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a new understanding of the links between poverty and illegal wildlife hunting

Duffy

John

Büscher

et al. 2015

Conservation Biology

194

160

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Our knowledge on the trafficking of plants over the Internet had been limited to only a few incidents (e.g. McMahan & Walter 1989;Wolf & Konings 2001;Entwistle et al 2002;Flores-Palacios & Valencia-Diaz 2007;Alacs & Georges 2008;Sylvester & Avalos 2009;Jiménez-Sierra & Eguiarte 2010;Williams et al 2012;Shirey et al 2013) until very recently, when the e-commerce of the endemic plants of Greece was studied in a systematic way (Krigas et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The electronic trade in endemic plants of Cyprus through the Internet

Krigas

Menteli

Chrysanthou

et al. 2016

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all As

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This study assesses the current situation regarding the electronic trade of the Cypriot endemic plants. We examine the plant material sold over the Internet, prices and vendors, and we explore to what extent this activity complies with national laws and international treaties. Overall, 48 taxa (34% of the Cypriot endemic flora) are traded by 21 nurseries of Europe and North America, belonging mostly to Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Iridaceae, Asparagaceae, Fabaceae and Asteraceae. Seeds are the commonest form of sale; prices range from €0.12 to 0.79 per seed and from €0.31 to 2.56 per gram. The price range for live plants is €5.67-30.22 (highest for Quercus alnifolia). Among the traded taxa, two are designated critically endangered, another two endangered, four vulnerable, 12 are globally rare and threatened and 12 are protected at the international level. None of the nurseries surveyed seem to have been granted a permit by the authorities of Cyprus to harvest and sell its wild flora, at least during the last decade. State authorities should extend the current legislative framework so as to cover all endemic and nationally threatened taxa, monitor their wild populations, engage in routine surveillance of their e-trade and regulate access to the country's genetic resources.

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“…), a palm species distributed in the seasonal forests of Guatemala and Belize (Fig. 2) and locally known as xate´(see Williams et al [2012a] for detail about xate´harvesting; see also Plate 1). We focus specifically on the region known as the greater Maya Mountains, an area where xate´is known to occur throughout (Penn et al 2008).…”

Section: Socioeconomic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation can increase harvesting pressure on overexploited plant populations

Williams

Jones

Annewandter

2014

Ecological Applications

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Captive breeding and cultivation of overharvested species is frequently proposed as a conservation strategy, yet there is little evidence under what conditions, if at all, the strategy is effective. We created a bioeconomic model to investigate the socioeconomic conditions favoring cultivation over wild harvesting and likely impacts on the wild population. We parameterize the model with the case study of illegal xate´palm (Chamaedorea ernestiaugusti ) harvesting in Belize and Guatemala. We examine how changes in law enforcement, a price premium for cultivated leaf, land ownership, and alternative income might affect decisions to cultivate and the impact of cultivation on wild populations. We show that those switching to cultivation are largely not wild harvesters because of barriers such as land ownership. We also find that if harvesters do switch to cultivation, they may have a negative effect on the wild population through harvesting of material to set up plantations. We found increasing alternative income reduces harvesting pressure and suggests the provision of alternative livelihoods would more directly reduce pressure on the wild population. Although schemes to encourage cultivation seem an appealing conservation intervention, we urge caution in assuming that people will readily adopt cultivation of wild harvested species or that this would necessarily reduce impacts on wild populations.

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Who Harvests and Why? Characteristics of Guatemalan Households Harvesting Xaté (Chamaedorea ernesti-augusti)1

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Toward a new understanding of the links between poverty and illegal wildlife hunting

Toward a new understanding of the links between poverty and illegal wildlife hunting

The electronic trade in endemic plants of Cyprus through the Internet

Cultivation can increase harvesting pressure on overexploited plant populations

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