Who Is Staying Home and Who Is Not? Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Differences in Time Spent outside the Home during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan

Hanibuchi, Tomoya; Yabe, Naoto; Nakaya, Tomoki

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3692144

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In a study of young Canadians, low residential density and good access to parks were associated with increased outdoor activities ( Mitra et al, 2020 ). During the SoE in Japan, residents in large metropolitan areas spent less time outdoors, although population density was not significantly associated with the time spent outdoors ( Hanibuchi et al, 2020 ). These two studies were based on cross-sectional questionnaire surveys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in walking steps and association with built environments during the COVID-19 state of emergency: A longitudinal comparison with the first half of 2019 in Yokohama, Japan

Hino

Asami

2021

Health & Place

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in walking steps and association with built environments during the COVID-19 state of emergency: A longitudinal comparison with the first half of 2019 in Yokohama, Japan

Hino

Asami

2021

Health & Place

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“…In addition to discouraging travel, some governments have encouraged residents to conduct meetings online, shift to remote working and learning, and avoid gatherings ( Zhang et al, 2021 ). Broadly speaking, these policies have coincided with a decrease in out-of-home activity participation, and by extension, travel demand ( Hanibuchi et al, 2020 ; Zhang, 2021 ). For example, Dandapat et al (2020) found evidence of reductions in travel activity following the initial lockdown implemented in India, while Beck & Hensher ( Beck and Hensher, 2020a ) reported similar findings in Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings reflect the potential for the fear of being infected (or the perceived risk of infection) to lead some individuals to modify their travel and activity behaviour ( Oum and Wang, 2020 ; Zhang, 2020 ). Furthermore, the perception of risk, the perceived stigma associated with leaving one's home, and the perceived degree of self-restriction of others have been found to dissuade people from spending time outside of their homes ( Parady et al, 2020 ; Hanibuchi et al, 2020 ; Zhang, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on modality profiles for non-mandatory trips in the Greater Toronto Area

et al. 2021

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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has drastically altered daily life in cities across the world. To slow the spread of COVID-19, many countries have introduced mobility restrictions, ordered the temporary closure of businesses, and encouraged social distancing. These policies have directly and indirectly influenced travel behaviour, particularly modal preferences. The purpose of this paper to explore modality profiles for non-mandatory trips and analyze how they have changed in response to the pandemic and pandemic-related public health policies. The data used for this study were collected from web-based surveys conducted in the Greater Toronto Area. Modality profiles were identified through the application of latent class cluster analysis, with six modality profiles being identified for both the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. The results indicate that the importance of public transit has declined during the pandemic, while the roles of private vehicles and active modes have become more prominent. However, individuals’ changes in modal preferences vary based on their pre-pandemic modality profile. In particular, it appears that pre-pandemic transit users with access to a private vehicle have substituted public transit for travel by private vehicle, while those without private vehicle access are continuing to use public transit for non-mandatory trips. Consequently, pandemic-related transportation policies should consider those who do not have access to a private vehicle and aim to help those making non-mandatory trips using transit or active modes comply with local public health guidelines while travelling. The results highlight how the changes in modal preferences that occurred due to the pandemic differ among different segments of the population.

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“…During the early COVID‐19 or SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic years (2019–2021), people spent even more time indoors (Hanibuchi et al, 2021). More recent studies by Leesman (2020) revealed that most individual work activities were better supported at home compared to the office, with reading and thinking/creative thinking more enhanced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Noninvasive Depth–Sensors to Quantify Human Productivity Levels in Desk–Related Workspaces

Khoudi

2022

Journal of Interior Design

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Numerous neuroscientific studies demonstrate the interaction between movement, memory, and environmental conditions. We present a new in‐the‐field tool that can be used by interior designers, environmental psychologists, and architects to understand and quantify human productivity in desk‐related work and study spaces. In this investigation, an interior space, equipped with a new generation of nonintrusive sensors and analytical algorithms synchronously measured multiple individuals and working groups. We tested the hypothesis that a positive correlation exists between stillness and cognitive function associated with self‐reported productivity. We explored, which design attributes, Seat Orientation, Zones, Table Crowdedness, and Table Types were associated with statistically significant changes in users' self‐reported productivity and micro‐movements. A mathematical model was developed to map a “stillness value” for each person across time, deriving a measurable productivity factor (PF) that could be used to synchronously assess the impact of design features in multiple users. Experiments were conducted over 12 days involving 640 academic students in a semi‐enclosed reading/study room within a recently built city public library with extensive views of the waterfront, harbor, and bay. Three‐dimensional depth‐cameras anonymously measured head and body movement while subjects worked and completed productivity surveys. Methods were validated using video recordings, sensor data, questionnaires, and observations. The results showed the PF was significantly correlated to the time spent in different Zones and was greatest at Seat Orientations furthest away from walk‐through traffic and in Zones with the highest exposure to the window wall and views. Users in these settings experienced a higher and longer‐lasting PF during the high‐performance phase of their stay.

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Who Is Staying Home and Who Is Not? Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Differences in Time Spent outside the Home during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Change in walking steps and association with built environments during the COVID-19 state of emergency: A longitudinal comparison with the first half of 2019 in Yokohama, Japan

Change in walking steps and association with built environments during the COVID-19 state of emergency: A longitudinal comparison with the first half of 2019 in Yokohama, Japan

Exploring the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on modality profiles for non-mandatory trips in the Greater Toronto Area

Using Noninvasive Depth–Sensors to Quantify Human Productivity Levels in Desk–Related Workspaces

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