Who Will Care for Grandma? Older Women, Parent Visas, and Australia’s Migration Program

Askola, Heli

doi:10.1080/13200968.2016.1258750

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In contrast to the hard borders (imagined or otherwise) of the exile, borders of a much more intimate nature are common to the experience of aging, which can reduce personal mobility to the extent that people can become exiles from their own bodies. The reduced mobility that often accompanies bodily aging is increasingly reinforced by restrictive migration policy that impedes the mobility of older people, who are perceived as an economic burden (Askola, 2016). Embedded in a rhetoric of financial risk, access to parent migration and visitor visas is curtailed by demanding sponsorship requirements and extremely expensive insurance premiums (Merla et al 2020b).…”

Section: Overview Of the Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes the rapid migration legislation and visa category changes that hamper migrants' decisions and certainty about their rights ('speeding up ' Merla et al (2020a)). This is for instance, evident in the differentiation and constant change of visa categories and permanent resident and citizenship regulations in Australia (Askola, 2016). Such rapid changes create insecurity and can hamper, modify or impede transnational intergenerational care strategies; "In this case 'speeding up' of rule changes exacerbates the pre-existing risks formed at the nexus within migration policies between institutional time and biographical time … " (Merla et al 2020a, p. 9).…”

Section: (B) 'Care On Hold': Temporality In An Immobility Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction to the Special Issue: “Transnational Family Care ‘On Hold’? Intergenerational Relationships and Obligations in the Context of Immobility Regimes”

Brandhorst

Baldassar

Wilding

2020

Journal of Intergenerational Relationships

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Introduction: transnational family care 'on hold'? This special issue explores how members of transnational families manage their intergenerational care obligations in the context of increasing restrictions to cross-border mobility. We ask: How do limits on mobility impact on transnational intergenerational family care relations? It is now well established in the transnational family literature that despite geographic separation, members of transnational families maintain a feeling of collective welfare and unity, of "familyhood" (Bryceson & Vuorela, 2002). This connectedness is built up and sustained through the intergenerational exchange of a range of care and support practices, including those between adult migrants and their aging parents (e.g., Baldassar et al., 2007) and those between parents and their dependent children (e.g., Madianou & Miller, 2012). When considered across the life course, it becomes clear that these intergenerational exchanges are reciprocal (Finch & Mason, 1993), but also uneven circulations of care between family members (Baldassar & Merla, 2014). It is rare that kin will objectively measure their specific contributions or gains from the care that is given, received and circulated (Olwig, 2007). Rather, family members develop a 'feeling' for when their contributions are undervalued or might exceed what is likely to be returned (Wilding, 2018). These feelings are informed by gendered and generational role expectations, such as those of the 'loyal and dutiful daughter' or the 'selfless, doting grandmother' (e.g., Zhou, 2012), as well as by the density of the kin network, and the role of extended family members (e.g., Baldassar & Brandhorst, 2020; Brandhorst, 2015). They in turn inform the extent to which individual family members feel compelled to contribute to the rituals, demands and maintenance of familyhood (Olwig, 2002). Because transnational care takes place, by definition, across distance, research has focused on the important role of information and communication technologies (ICTs), which allow people to experience new forms of co

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Section: Overview Of the Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (B) 'Care On Hold': Temporality In An Immobility Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the Special Issue: “Transnational Family Care ‘On Hold’? Intergenerational Relationships and Obligations in the Context of Immobility Regimes”

Brandhorst

Baldassar

Wilding

2020

Journal of Intergenerational Relationships

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“…Only 8675 visas were granted in 2015–16, most for people from China, the UK, India and Vietnam (DIBP, 2016). A 2016 Productivity Commission Report has resulted in the introduction of a new long-term visitor visa for parents, which may eventually replace the parent migration scheme altogether (Askola, 2016).…”

Section: Ageing and Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing, migration and new media: The significance of transnational care

Wilding

Baldassar

2018

Journal of Sociology

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The experiences of ageing for today's older people present a striking contrast to those of the past. They are entering older age in a world that is characterised by complex mobilities and flows, in which large numbers of people are ageing in countries other than those in which they were born and often at a distance from their closest family members. At the same time, new media are providing unprecedented opportunities to bring distant places and people together in new ways. These dramatic shifts are transforming the context within which older people provide and receive care. In this paper, we argue that it has become both necessary and urgent for researchers and practitioners of ageing to reconsider their emphasis on the proximate care networks of older people, by incorporating closer attention to the increasingly global, transnational and virtual contexts within which ageing and aged care now routinely takes place.

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“…Restrictions targeting family reunion with elders or minors reflect a general tendency of receiving countries to apply double-standards to 'migrant' versus 'local' families, with the former being defined in a more narrow and conservative way than the latter for whom diversity of family forms is increasingly recognised (Sarolea & Merla forthcoming). They also reflect the implicit assumption that these 'dependants' and older parents represent potential costs rather than important contributors in terms of care and support (Askola 2016).…”

Section: Physical Political Social and Temporal Dimensions Of Regimmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This practice poses a particular challenge for migrants, especially those with young children, and with all of their extended kin living overseas. The increase in temporary visa migration streams, and the reduction in family reunion stream entries, limit the ability of entrants to bring their parents and dependants with them, increasing the likelihood of transnational care arrangements in these families (Askola 2016). Like many other country groups, Chinese grandparents often take up the role of primary carers for their grandchildren to allow their adult children to move away for work.…”

Section: Meng and LI Wei: Trapped Into Flying Grandparenting With Feamentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining transnational care circulation trajectories within immobilizing regimes of migration: Implications for proximate care

Merla¹,

Kilkey²,

Baldassar³

2020

JFamRes

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In this paper we argue that the current political context of restrictionist migration policies is dramatically affecting people’s capacity to cross borders to engage in proximate care with their relatives, which is a central, yet often overlooked, feature of transnational care practices. We examine how the wider context of temporality, restrictive mobility, and heightened uncertainty about the future affect people’s ability to be mobile and to move back and forth for caregiving. In examining the wellbeing effects of such restrictions, we highlight their variable impact depending on factors such as socio-economic positioning, life-course stage and health. The first sections of the paper present the care circulation framework and the particular meaning and function of proximate forms of care, as well as the main categories of care-related mobility that support this. We illustrate the dynamics and challenges faced by transnational family members, who engage in these care-related mobilities, through three vignettes involving care circulation between India and the UK, China and Australia, and Morocco and Belgium. In the final section, we discuss our vignettes in relation to the political, physical, social and time dimensions of current regimes of mobility that impact on care-related mobilities. We argue that the regimes of mobility that currently govern care-related mobilities are best understood as ‘immobilizing regimes’ with important and undervalued implications for ontological security and wellbeing.

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Who Will Care for Grandma? Older Women, Parent Visas, and Australia’s Migration Program

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Introduction to the Special Issue: “Transnational Family Care ‘On Hold’? Intergenerational Relationships and Obligations in the Context of Immobility Regimes”

Introduction to the Special Issue: “Transnational Family Care ‘On Hold’? Intergenerational Relationships and Obligations in the Context of Immobility Regimes”

Ageing, migration and new media: The significance of transnational care

Examining transnational care circulation trajectories within immobilizing regimes of migration: Implications for proximate care

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