Whole-Genome Analysis of Influenza A(H3N2) and B/Victoria Viruses Detected in Myanmar during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021

Chon, Irina; Saito, Reiko; Kyaw, Yadanar; Aye, Moe Myat; Setk, Swe; Phyu, Wint Wint; Wagatsuma, Keita; Li, Jiaming; Sun, Yuyang; Otoguro, Teruhime; Win, Su Mon; Yoshioka, Sayaka; Win, Nay; Ja, Lasham Di; Tin, Htay Htay; Watanabe, Hirotaka

doi:10.3390/v15020583

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, from 2019 to 2022, the evolution of the Yunnan strains showed relatively stability with a high nucleotide sequence homology, predominantly clustering in the 3C.2a1b.1b clade for 2019–2021 and the 3C.2a1b.2a.1a.1 clade for 2022. This pattern diverges markedly from Myanmar circulating strains in 2019 (3C.2a1b) and 2021 (3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3) and Italy/Australia circulating strains in 2021 and 2022 (3C.2a1b.2a.2) [ 16 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Genomic Analyses Uncover Evolutionary Features of Influenza A/H3N2 Viruses in Yunnan Province, China, from 2017 to 2022

Zhang,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Influenza A viruses evolve at a high rate of nucleotide substitution, thereby requiring continuous monitoring to determine the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral drugs. In the current study, we performed whole-genome sequencing analyses of 253 influenza A/H3N2 strains from Yunnan Province, China, during 2017–2022. The hemagglutinin (HA) segments of Yunnan A/H3N2 strains isolated during 2017–2018 harbored a high genetic diversity due to heterogeneous distribution across branches. The mutation regularity of the predominant antigenic epitopes of HA segments in Yunnan was inconsistent in different years. Some important functional mutations in gene segments associated with viral adaptation and drug tolerance were revealed. The rapid genomic evolution of Yunnan A/H3N2 strains from 2017 to 2022 mainly concentrated on segments, i.e., matrix protein 2 (M2), non-structural protein 1 (NS1), neuraminidase (NA), NS2, and HA, with a high overall non-synonymous/synonymous substitution ratio (dN/dS). Our results highlighted a decline in vaccine efficacy against the A/H3N2 circulating strains, particularly against the Yunnan 2021–2022 A/H3N2 strains. These findings aid our understanding of evolutionary characteristics and epidemiological monitoring of the A/H3N2 viruses and provide in-depth insights into the protective efficacy of influenza vaccines.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Genomic Analyses Uncover Evolutionary Features of Influenza A/H3N2 Viruses in Yunnan Province, China, from 2017 to 2022

Zhang,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Of the remaining 587 articles, 547 were discarded for not matching the inclusion criteria (of these, 62 were not further considered since no reported influenza cases were type B), 7 for being based on the WHO FluNet and/or GISAID database, 3 for being previous reports from the GIHSN, and 4 because of overlap with more recent and/or larger articles based on the same data sources. A total of 26 articles were included in the systematic review: their main characteristics are reported in Table 1 [ Soldevila 2022, Murillo-Zamora 2021, Korsun 2021, Panatto 2021, Pablo-Marcos 2020, Miron 2021, Hu 2021, Omer 2022, Olson 2022, Auvinen 2022, Kuzmanovska 2021, Wagatsuma 2022, Heinzinger 2021, Rios-Silva 2022, Suntronwong 2021, da Costa 2022, Melidou 2020, Huang 2022, O’Neill 2022, Kolosova 2022, Peck 2023, Chon 2023, Merced-Morales 2022, Melidou 2022, Sominina 2022, Song 2022 ]. Europe was the most represented area (12 articles, of which 2 reported findings from multiple countries in the WHO European Region), followed by Asia (n=6), North America (n=5), and Oceania and South America (n=1 each).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is influenza B/Yamagata extinct and what public health implications could this have? An updated literature review and comprehensive assessment of global surveillance databases

Caini,

Meijer,

Nunes

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Early after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, a major drop in the number of influenza B/Yamagata detections was observed globally. Given the potential public health implications, particularly with regards to influenza vaccination, we conducted a systematic review of influenza B/Yamagata virus circulation data from multiple complementary sources of information. Methods: We searched articles published until 20th March 2023 in PubMed and EMBASE; examined epidemiological and virological influenza data for 2020-2023 contained in the publicly available WHO-FluNet and GISAID (Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data) global databases, or collected by the multi-national Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) study; and looked for influenza data in the webpages of respiratory viruses surveillance systems from countries worldwide. Results: Highly consistent findings were found across all sources of information, with a progressive decline of influenza B/Yamagata detections from 2020 onwards across all world regions, both in absolute terms (total number of cases), the positivity rate, and as a fraction of influenza B detections. Isolated influenza B/Yamagata cases continue to be sporadically reported, and these are typically vaccine-derived, mistaken data entries or under investigation. Discussion: While it is still too early to conclude that B/Yamagata is (or will soon become) extinct, the current epidemiological and virological data call for a rapid response in terms of influenza prevention practices, particularly regarding the formulation of influenza vaccines. The current epidemiological situation is unprecedented in recent decades, underlying the importance of continuously and carefully monitoring the circulation of influenza viruses (as well as SARS-CoV-2 and the other respiratory viruses) in the coming years.

show abstract

“…To assess the immune response to contemporary FLUBV lineages, B/Washington/02/2019 (B/WA) was selected to represent the B/Vic lineage and B/Oklahoma/10/2018 (B/OK) was selected to represent the B/Yam lineage. B/Washington/02/2019 was included in the 2020-2021 quadrivalent influenza vaccine and belongs to the recently emerged subclade, V1A.3, of the Victoria lineage (34). B/Oklahoma/10/2018 (Clade 3A), which is antigenically similar to the B/Yam isolate in the 2020-2021 quadrivalent vaccine, was circulating in the U.S. just prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Section: Contemporary Flubvs Elicit Asymmetric Cross-protection Again...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Cross-Protective Immunity is Elicited by Infection with Contemporary Influenza B Lineage Viruses

Page,

Shepard,

Ray

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Influenza B virus (FLUBV) significantly contributes to the influenza disease burden and has complicated vaccine development and efficacy, yet remains understudied compared to its counterpart, influenza A virus (FLUAV). Since its isolation in 1940, FLUBV has diverged into two antigenically distinct lineages: Victoria (B/Vic) and Yamagata (B/Yam). Recent human studies and epidemiological modeling reveal differences in immunity elicited by each FLUBV lineage, contributing to higher reinfection rates following B/Yam infection. To investigate disparities in FLUBV lineage cross-protection and immunity, we examined the effects of lineage-specific prior immunity on FLUBV reinfection dynamics. Mice were infected with representative B/Vic and B/Yam viruses from evolutionary distinct clades and subsequently reinfected with heterolineal viruses (i.e., B/Vic → B/Yam and B/Yam → B/Vic) to assess the extent of protection elicited between the lineages. Using this validated challenge model, we explored potential mechanisms underlying the asymmetric reinfection dynamics observed between the lineages. Our findings align with human observations, indicating that contemporary B/Vic viruses confer cross-protection against contemporary B/Yam infections, whereas contemporary B/Yam viruses do not provide the same degree of protection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that serum antibodies elicited by hemagglutinin vaccination cannot account for the observed heterolineal protection. Rather, antibodies targeting the viral neuraminidase (NA) may play a significant role in eliciting cross-protection to subsequent FLUBV infection. Our findings define asymmetric cross-protection resulting from contemporary FLUBV infection and suggest NA as a potential significant contributor to heterolineal FLUBV protection. This asymmetric immunity may also help explain the proposed extinction of B/Yam viruses since the COVID-19 pandemic.

show abstract

Whole-Genome Analysis of Influenza A(H3N2) and B/Victoria Viruses Detected in Myanmar during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Genomic Analyses Uncover Evolutionary Features of Influenza A/H3N2 Viruses in Yunnan Province, China, from 2017 to 2022

Genomic Analyses Uncover Evolutionary Features of Influenza A/H3N2 Viruses in Yunnan Province, China, from 2017 to 2022

Is influenza B/Yamagata extinct and what public health implications could this have? An updated literature review and comprehensive assessment of global surveillance databases

Differential Cross-Protective Immunity is Elicited by Infection with Contemporary Influenza B Lineage Viruses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About