Whole Genome Sequencing for Determining the Source of Mycobacterium bovis Infections in Livestock Herds and Wildlife in New Zealand

Price-Carter, Marian; Bräuning, Rüdiger; Gw, de Lisle; Livingstone, Paul G; Neill, Mark A.; Sinclair, JA; Paterson, B.M.; Atkinson, Gemma C.; Knowles, G.J.E.; Crews, K.B.; Crispell, Joseph; Kao, Rowland R.; Robbe‐Austerman, Suelee; Stuber, Tod; Parkhill, Julian; Wood, James; Harris, Simon R.; Collins, DM

doi:10.3389/fvets.2018.00272

Cited by 48 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…More recently, studies based on WGS have brought deeper insights into the population dynamics of M. bovis and showed that unlike M. tuberculosis , wild animals act as M. bovis reservoirs in different regions of the world [15-18]. However, most studies using WGS have aimed at investigating local epidemics, and little is known about the global population structure and evolutionary history of M. bovis .…”

Section: Background and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An African origin forMycobacterium bovis

Loiseau

Menardo

Aseffa

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Lay Summary: Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae are both the most important agents 37 of tuberculosis in livestock and zoonotic tuberculosis in humans. Using phylogenetic and 38 molecular clock inferences based on an extensive collection of whole-genome sequences 39 we provide new insights into the global population structure, phylogeography and 40 evolutionary history of these pathogens. 41 42 Word count abstract: 180 43 Word count main text: 4366 44 Number of Figures: 3 45 46 ABSTRACT 47 48 Background and objectives 49 Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae are the two most important agents of 50 tuberculosis (TB) in livestock and the most important causes of zoonotic TB in humans. 51However, little is known about the global population structure, phylogeography and 52 evolutionary history of these pathogens. 53 Methodology 54We compiled a global collection of 3364 whole-genome sequences from M. bovis and M. 55 caprae originating from 35 countries and inferred their phylogenetic relationships, geographic 56 origins and age. 57 Results 58Our results resolve the phylogenetic relationship among the four previously defined clonal 59 complexes of M. bovis, and another eight newly described here. Our inferences indicate that 60 M. bovis emerged in East Africa likely between the 4 th and 10 th century. While some M. bovis 61 groups remained restricted to East-and West Africa, others have subsequently dispersed to 62 different parts of the world. 63 Conclusions and implications 64Our results allow a better understanding of the global population structure of M. bovis and its 65 evolutionary history. This knowledge can be used to define better molecular markers for 66 epidemiological investigations in settings where whole genome sequencing cannot easily be 67 implemented. 68 69 70 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES 71 Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important burden for global health and the economy [1]. TB is 72 the number one cause of human death due to infection globally, with an estimated 10.0 73 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths occurring every year [1]. TB is caused by members 74 of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), which includes seven human-adapted 75 lineages, and several animal-adapted ecotypes including M. bovis and M. caprae. Animal TB 76 complicates the control of human TB due to the zoonotic transfer of TB bacilli from infected 77 animals to exposed human populations through e.g. the consumption of unpasteurized milk or 78 handling of contaminated meat [2]. M. bovis and M. caprae are the most important agents of 79 TB in livestock and the most important agents of zoonotic TB in humans, causing at least 147 80 000 new human cases and 12 500 deaths yearly [1, 3]. Zoonotic TB caused by M. bovis also 81 poses a challenge for patient treatment, due to its natural resistance to pyrazinamide (PZA), 82 one of the four first-line drugs used in the treatment of TB. In addition, TB in livestock 83 accounts for an estimated loss of three billion US dollars per year [4]. In Africa its prevalence 84 is highes...

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Section: Background and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An African origin forMycobacterium bovis

Loiseau

Menardo

Aseffa

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…comm. marian.price-carter@agresearch.co.nz; Price‐Carter et al, ). Our spoligotyping results and the fact that the two index alpacas showed advanced clinical disease leading to rapid fatal outcomes within 3 months of arrival to Poland support the conclusion that TB was imported with M. bovis ‐infected alpacas, most likely from the UK.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transboundary tuberculosis: Importation of alpacas infected with Mycobacterium bovis from the United Kingdom to Poland and potential for serodiagnostic assays in detecting tuberculin skin test false‐negative animals

Krajewska‐Wędzina

Didkowska

Sridhara

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The present study highlights the transboundary nature of tuberculosis (TB) in alpacas and the failure of current antemortem testing protocols to identify TB-free alpaca herds and individuals for exportation. The tuberculin skin test (TST) failed to identify Mycobacterium bovis-infected animals prior to movement from the United Kingdom (UK) to Poland. This study describes the use of four serological assays [Enferplex Camelid TB, dual-path platform (DPP) VetTB and BovidTB assays, and multi-antigen print immunoassays (MAPIAs)] to detect TB in an alpaca herd with negative TST results. The breeding in Poland purchased alpacas for several years from the UK with the last group arriving in May 2018. In July 2018, two sick alpacas from the centre were hospitalized in a veterinary clinic and both died of TB a few weeks later. In November 2018, 20 alpacas remaining in this M. bovis-affected herd were euthanized and samples were collected. The study population included 20 M. bovis-infected and 20 uninfected alpacas, but only 15 infected animals were tested by all serology tests. The DPP VetTB and DPP BovidTB assays detected antibodies in 14 of the 20 infected alpacas, with results confirmed by MAPIA, and in none (MAPIA and DPP BovidTB) or one (DPP VetTB) of the 20 uninfected animals. None of the infected alpacas tested positive using the Enferplex assay. In addition, the group included three orphans and two cria-dam pairs, which provided an opportunity to analyse immune aspects of cria-mother relationships in this herd. The results suggest high susceptibility of this host species to M. bovis infection and rapid progression to disease. The serological tests used in this study offer useful tools for the detection of M. bovis infection in TST and Enferplex test non-reactive alpacas. These tests should be further evaluated for implementation into TB management and control strategies for camelid species. K E Y W O R D S alpaca, dual-path platform assay, Enferplex Camelid TB test, MAPIA, Mycobacterium bovis, tuberculin skin test | 1307 KRAJEWSKA-WĘDZINA Et Al.

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“…In a recent work conducted in France, SNPs‐based phylogenetic analysis of 87 M. bovis isolates was congruent with clusters previously defined by spoligotyping and MIRU‐VNTR; however, some SNPs were specific of particular genotypic groups (Hauer et al, 2019). WGS is a higher resolution genotyping method, and the information generated is starting to be used to trace infection sources, to refine transmission networks and to improve knowledge concerning wildlife in TB transmission cycle, as well as in epidemiological scenarios with differential levels of complexity, from herd to multi‐host environment frameworks (Crispell et al, 2017; Price‐Carter et al, 2018).…”

Section: Drivers Of Animal Tb Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal tuberculosis: impact of disease heterogeneity in transmission, diagnosis, and control

Pereira

Reis

Ramos

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Animal tuberculosis (TB) in terrestrial mammals is mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis. This pathogen is adapted to a wide range of host species, representing a threat to livestock, wildlife and human health. Disease heterogeneity is a hallmark of multi‐host TB and a challenge for control. Drivers of animal TB heterogeneity are very diverse and may act at the level of the causative agent, the host species, the interface between mycobacteria and the host, community of hosts, the environment and even policy behind control programmes. In this paper, we examine the drivers that seem to contribute to this phenomenon. We begin by reviewing evidence accumulated to date supporting the consensus that a complex range of genetic, biological and socio‐environmental factors contribute to the establishment and maintenance of animal TB, setting the grounds for heterogeneity. We then highlight the complex interplay between individual, species‐specific and community protective factors with risk/maintenance variables that include animal movements and densities, co‐infection and super‐shedders. We finally consider how current interventions should seek to consider and explore heterogeneity in order to tackle potential limitations for diagnosis and control programmes, simultaneously increasing their efficacy.

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Whole Genome Sequencing for Determining the Source of Mycobacterium bovis Infections in Livestock Herds and Wildlife in New Zealand

Cited by 48 publications

References 45 publications

An African origin forMycobacterium bovis

An African origin forMycobacterium bovis

Transboundary tuberculosis: Importation of alpacas infected with Mycobacterium bovis from the United Kingdom to Poland and potential for serodiagnostic assays in detecting tuberculin skin test false‐negative animals

Animal tuberculosis: impact of disease heterogeneity in transmission, diagnosis, and control

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