Whole genome sequencing of Fowl aviadenovirus A - a causative agent of gizzard erosion and ulceration, in adult laying hens

Matczuk, Anna Karolina; Niczyporuk, Jowita Samanta; Kuczkowski, Maciej; Woźniakowski, Grzegorz; Nowak, Marcin; Wieliczko, Alina

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2016.12.008

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Furthermore, there was no reduction in overall flock performances. Recent observations of the effects of FadV-A infection in adult chickens are contradictory; in some cases older chickens were not susceptible to FAdV-A while in others they were vulnerable and developed clinical signs of disease Matczuk et al, 2017;Naseem et al, 2018). Similar to herein described lack of disturbances in flock performance was outlined by Grafl et al (2012) during the outbreak of gizzard erosions in Germany.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Broiler breeders which vertically transmitted FAdV-A to broilers did not manifest any clinical signs and egg production remained normal . In turn, clinical signs as elevated mortality rates, reduction in laying performance and decreased total egg weight were observed in FAdV-affected flock of laying hens at 38 weeks of age (Matczuk et al, 2017). This may suggest the participation of other factors in the induction of clinical symptoms of FAdV-A infection of chickens, however, not identified in either paper cited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Most commonly, broilers were affected and vertical transmission of the disease from breeders to progeny was indicated (Manarolla et al, 2009;Marek et al, 2010;Schade et al, 2013). Signs of gizzard erosion in older chickens were rarely reported and concerned 10-, 21-and 39-40-week-old commercial layers (Lim et al, 2012;Matczuk et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adenoviral Gizzard Erosions in Commercial Layer Chickens

Domańska-Blicharz¹

2019

PVJ

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This case report describes a series of gizzard erosion outbreaks in two farms of commercial layers flocks at the age of 19, 25, 30 and 73 weeks observed in the period between 2012 and 2015. The clinical signs, course of disease and mortality in all cases were similar. The post-mortem examinations revealed dark-brownish contents in crops, esophagus, proventriculus, gizzards, and duodenums, as well as haemorrhagic changes in provetriculus and ablations of the overlaying keratinoid layers in the gizzards. Histopathology showed the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies in gizzard epithelial cells and molecular findings confirmed the presence of fowl adenoviruses A. It seems that the virus persisted on the farm during this fouryear period and temperature fluctuations were to be the probable factors predisposing the clinical course of disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Adenoviral Gizzard Erosions in Commercial Layer Chickens

Domańska-Blicharz¹

2019

PVJ

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“…They can establish latency for a period of time, after which the pathogenic process can be induced by different pathogens, which stimulate them to replicate. Adenovirus strains are mainly isolated from broilers, and rarely from reproduction flocks [11,22]. However, there is still no correlation between the disease profile in production flocks and the presence of a particular type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative pathogenicity analysis of two adenovirus strains, 1/A and 8a/E, isolated from poultry in Poland

Niczyporuk

Czekaj

2018

Arch Virol

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Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are the causative agents of multietiological syndromes and diseases in poultry flocks. During a routine diagnostic examination, two FAdVs strains were isolated. Molecular typing of these isolates based on the partial loop L1 HVR1-4 region of the hexon gene sequence revealed the presence of different FAdV isolates: 1/A-61/11z (GenBank accession number KX247012, APP94082), and 8a/E-6/12j (GenBank accession number: KP890032, ALB00550), and comparative genome analysis indicated small differences between these two viruses. The next step of the study was the estimation of the pathogenicity of these isolates in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Chickens were divided into three groups, with 20 chickens per group infected intraperitoneally on the first day after hatching. Group I consisted of chickens infected with strain FAdV-1/A-61/11z, group II consisted of chickens infected with strain FAdV-8a/E-6/12j, and group III consisted of uninfected birds. Clinical signs observed in infected chickens included poor growth, apathy, prostration, ruffled feathers, crouching position, and huddling behavior. The mortality rate in chickens infected with FAdV-1/A-61/11z was 10% at 10 days postinfection (dpi), and no mortality was observed in chickens infected with the FAdV-8a-6/12j strain. The mean real-time PCR threshold cycle (Ct) value was 39.70%. The detection limit of these assays was 8 copies, with an efficiency of 91.03% and 95.17% and regression square (R2) values of 0.991 and 0.997, respectively, with a mean pathogen load of 4.8 × 10 6.0 copies/µl. The assays did not demonstrate cross-reactivity between types 1/A and 8a/E and non-targeted poultry viruses. Adenoviral DNA was detected in the liver, spleen, kidney, gizzard, intestine, bursa of Fabricius, and thymus of every examined dead and euthanized chicken from groups I and II between the third and fourth week postinfection. This is the first study conducted on the pathogenic and apathogenic strains FAdV-1/A and FAdV-8a/E, showing the presence of the virus in multiple tissues in chickens in Poland. This study revealed that it is very likely that the FAdV-1/A-61/11z strain is able to cause clinical inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in chickens and that it is slightly more virulent than the FAdV-8a/E-6/12j strain, although both are primary pathogens of the disease.

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“…FAdV strains sequenced in this study were either isolated from documented clinical cases, or purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA), as well as kindly supplied by H. M. Hafez (Institute of Poultry Diseases, Berlin, Germany) and Vaxxinova Japan K.K. (Tokyo, Japan) ( Supplementary Table S1) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Besides FAdV-D and FAdV-E strains, we sequenced further strains of species FAdV-A (including the hitherto unavailable OTE reference genome) and FAdV-C (including, for the first time, the complete FAdV-10 genome), in order to increase robustness of the analysis.…”

Section: Virus Strains and Dna Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fowl Adenovirus (FAdV) Recombination with Intertypic Crossovers in Genomes of FAdV-D and FAdV-E, Displaying Hybrid Serological Phenotypes

Schachner

González

Endler

et al. 2019

Viruses

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After analyzing 27 new genomes from fowl adenovirus (FAdV) field isolates and so-far unsequenced prototypes, we report the first evidence for recombination in FAdVs. Recombination was confined to species FAdV-D and FAdV-E, accommodating the largest number of, and the intraspecies-wise most differentiated, types. The majority of detected events occurred in FAdV-E, involving segments with parental origin of all constitutive types. Together with the diversity of breakpoints, this suggests widespread recombination in this species. With possible constraints through species-specific genes and diversification patterns, the recombinogenic potential of FAdVs attains particular interest for inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), an important disease in chickens, caused by types from the recombination-prone species. Autonomously evolving, recombinant segments were associated with major sites under positive selection, among them the capsid protein hexon and fiber genes, the right-terminal ORFs 19, 25, and the ORF20/20A family. The observed mosaicism in genes indicated as targets of adaptive pressures points toward an immune evasion strategy. Intertypic hexon/fiber-recombinants demonstrated hybrid neutralization profiles, retrospectively explaining reported controversies on reference strains B3-A, T8-A, and X11-A. Furthermore, cross-neutralization supported sequence-based evidence for interdomain recombination in fiber and contributed to a tentatively new type. Overall, our findings challenge the purported uniformity of types responsible for IBH, urging more complete identification strategies for FAdVs. Finally, important consequences arise for in vivo studies investigating cross-protection against IBH.

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Whole genome sequencing of Fowl aviadenovirus A - a causative agent of gizzard erosion and ulceration, in adult laying hens

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Adenoviral Gizzard Erosions in Commercial Layer Chickens

Adenoviral Gizzard Erosions in Commercial Layer Chickens

A comparative pathogenicity analysis of two adenovirus strains, 1/A and 8a/E, isolated from poultry in Poland

Fowl Adenovirus (FAdV) Recombination with Intertypic Crossovers in Genomes of FAdV-D and FAdV-E, Displaying Hybrid Serological Phenotypes

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