Whole-genome sequencing of<i>Candida haemulonii</i>species complex from Brazil and the United States: Genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility

Rodrigues, Dality Keffelen de Barros; Lockhart, Shawn R.; Gade, Lalitha; Bonfietti, Lucas Xavier; Gimenes, Viviane Mazo Fávero; Ruiz, Luciana da Silva; Macioni, Milena Bronze; Melhem, Márcia de Souza Carvalho

doi:10.1093/mmy/myad030

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…These species frequently exhibit resistance to azoles and AMB [21,46]. However, a recent study indicated that a majority (44/46) of C. haemulonii complex strains from the US and Brazil were susceptible to azoles [49]. Additionally, all four C. pseudohaemulonii from the US were susceptible to both AMB and azoles, whereas two of the four isolates were resistant to the three echinocandins [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a recent study indicated that a majority (44/46) of C. haemulonii complex strains from the US and Brazil were susceptible to azoles [49]. Additionally, all four C. pseudohaemulonii from the US were susceptible to both AMB and azoles, whereas two of the four isolates were resistant to the three echinocandins [49]. In our study, AMB and fluconazole resistance were observed in 77.8% and 44.4% of C. haemulonii complex samples from Korean hospitals, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virulence Traits and Azole Resistance in Korean Candida auris Isolates

Byun,

Kwon,

Lee

et al. 2023

JoF

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We analyzed the virulence traits and azole resistance mechanisms of 104 Candida auris isolates collected from 13 Korean hospitals from 1996 to 2022. Of these 104 isolates, 96 (5 blood and 91 ear isolates) belonged to clade II, and 8 (6 blood and 2 other isolates) belonged to clade I. Fluconazole resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration ≥32 mg/L) was observed in 68.8% of clade II and 25.0% of clade I isolates. All 104 isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B and three echinocandins. In 2022, six clade I isolates indicated the first nosocomial C. auris cluster in Korea. Clade II C. auris isolates exhibited reduced thermotolerance at 42 °C, with diminished in vitro competitive growth and lower virulence in the Galleria mellonella model compared to non-clade II isolates. Of the 66 fluconazole-resistant clade II isolates, several amino acid substitutions were identified: Erg11p in 14 (21.2%), Tac1Ap in 2 (3.0%), Tac1Bp in 62 (93.9%), and Tac1Bp F214S in 33 (50.0%). Although there were a limited number of non-clade II isolates studied, our results suggest that clade II C. auris isolates from Korean hospitals might display lower virulence traits than non-clade II isolates, and their primary fluconazole resistance mechanism is linked to Tac1Bp mutations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence Traits and Azole Resistance in Korean Candida auris Isolates

Byun,

Kwon,

Lee

et al. 2023

JoF

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Candida haemulonii Species Complex: Emerging Fungal Pathogens of the Metschnikowiaceae Clade

Cao,

Bing,

Liao

et al. 2023

Zoonoses

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Candida species, the most common fungal pathogens affecting humans, cause not only superficial infections but also life-threatening invasive infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Although Candida albicans remains the most frequent cause of candidiasis, infections caused by non-albicans Candida species have been increasingly reported in clinical settings over the past two decades. Recently, species of the Metschnikowiaceae clade including the “superbug” Candida auris and other members of the Candida haemulonii species complex have attracted substantial attention for their multidrug resistance and high rates of transmission in clinical settings. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology, biology, virulence, and drug resistance of the C. haemulonii species complex and discuss potential reasons for the recent increase in the prevalence of infections caused by non-albicans species in clinical settings.

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Insight into Virulence and Mechanisms of Amphotericin B Resistance in the Candida haemulonii Complex

Huang,

Su,

Chen

et al. 2024

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The Candida haemulonii complex includes emerging opportunistic human fungal pathogens with documented multidrug-resistance profiles. It comprises Candida haemulonii sensu stricto, Candida haemulonii var. vulnera, Candida duobushaemulonii, Candida pseudohaemulonii, and Candida vulturna. In recent years, rates of clinical isolation of strains from this complex have increased in multiple countries, including China, Malaysia, and Brazil. Biofilm formation, hydrolytic enzymes, surface interaction properties, phenotype switching and cell aggregation abilities, extracellular vesicles production, stress response, and immune evasion help these fungi to infect the host and exert pathological effects. Multidrug resistance profiles also enhance the threat they pose; they exhibit low susceptibility to echinocandins and azoles and an intrinsic resistance to amphotericin B (AMB), the first fungal-specific antibiotic. AMB is commonly employed in antifungal treatments, and it acts via several known mechanisms. Given the propensity of clinical Candida species to initiate bloodstream infections, clarifying how C. haemulonii resists AMB is of critical clinical importance. This review outlines our present understanding of the C. haemulonii complex’s virulence factors, the mechanisms of action of AMB, and the mechanisms underlying AMB resistance.

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Whole-genome sequencing ofCandida haemuloniispecies complex from Brazil and the United States: Genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Virulence Traits and Azole Resistance in Korean Candida auris Isolates

Virulence Traits and Azole Resistance in Korean Candida auris Isolates

Candida haemulonii Species Complex: Emerging Fungal Pathogens of the Metschnikowiaceae Clade

Insight into Virulence and Mechanisms of Amphotericin B Resistance in the Candida haemulonii Complex

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