Whole grain in children's diet: intake, food sources and trends

Alexy, Ute; Zorn, C; Kersting, Mathilde

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.94

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It was shown, using dietary surveys, that in most cases the intake of whole-grain is too low in adults (Cleveland et al 2000, Thane et al 2005) as well as in children and adolescents (Brady et al 2000). Alexy et al (2010) also reported a negative age trend of whole-grain intake. Therefore, it is important to prevent the risk that girls, aiming to reduce their weight, turn to self-made diets lacking in carbohydrates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Similarly to a previous study (Toselli et al 2010), we observed a higher proportion of underweight subjects among girls (especially adolescents) than among boys, as well as a lower proportion of obese and overweight. Several authors (Marlett et al 2002, Kaline et al 2007, Mellen et al 2008, Alexy et al 2010) have reported the health effects of whole grains with respect to heart disease, cancer, gastrointestinal health, diabetes, and weight management studies. Despite in most cases these health effects have only been shown for adults, an elevated whole-grain intake may be desirable already in early life, as dietary habits develop during the early childhood and can track until adulthood (Lake et al 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perception of fattening foods in Italian children and adolescents

et al. 2014

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The present study aimed to analyze, in Italian children and adolescents, the beliefs about which foods are fattening, the appreciation of fattening foods, and the perception of some socio-cultural attributes of them. 244 children (F: 125, M: 119, aged 8–11) and 305 adolescents (F: 153; M: 152, aged 11–14) from Bologna, Northern Italy, were asked to indicate five fattening foods. For each of the indicated foods, a yes-no answer was required to the question: “is this food special for you?”, and to six questions concerning socio-cultural attributes of the food, which were modelled using a latent variable with two classes named “traditional” and “modern”. Pearson’s chi square tests revealed, both in boys and girls, significant associations between the age class and the foods indicated as fattening: lean meat, condiments, non-sweet fruit and vegetables were more often indicated as fattening by children than by adolescents. Overall, boys showed higher appreciation and perception of fashionability of fattening foods. Girls appreciated less bread and pasta, and indicated more often than boys these foods as fattening. The different food perception of between age classes and sexes can be respectively explained by a better dietary awareness of adolescents, and by girls worrying about their look more than boys.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of fattening foods in Italian children and adolescents

et al. 2014

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“…Nonetheless, our results indicate that whole grain intakes are much below the reported intakes in other populations. Studies in the USA [29, 46], UK [21], Germany [25], Ireland [26, 27], Denmark, Norway and Sweden [24] reported a daily consumption of more than 13 g/day in children/adolescents (range 13–54 g/day) and 20 g/day in adults/older adults (range 20–51 g/day). Only in France [19] the whole grain intakes were comparable to those found in Italy (5 g/day in adults/older adults and 4 g/day in children/adolescents).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intakes of whole grain in an Italian sample of children, adolescents and adults

Sette¹,

Laura²,

Piccinelli³

et al. 2015

Eur J Nutr

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PurposeThere is wide evidence that regular consumption of whole grain foods may reduce the risk of chronic diseases. The aim of this work was to quantify the intake of whole grains and identify main dietary sources in the Italian population.MethodsWhole grain intakes were calculated in a sample of 2830 adults/older adults and of 440 children/adolescents from the last national survey INRAN-SCAI 2005–06. Food consumption was assessed from a 3-day food record. The whole grain content of foods was estimated mainly from quantitative ingredient declarations on labels.ResultsMean whole grain intakes were 3.7 g/day in adults/older adults and 2.1 g/day in children/adolescents. Overall, 23 % of the sample reported consumption of whole grain foods during the survey, among which mean whole grain intakes ranged from 6.0 g/day in female children to 19.1 g/day in female older adults. The main sources of whole grains were breakfast cereals in children/adolescents (32 %) and bread in adults/older adults (46 %). Consumption of whole grain among adults was associated with significantly higher daily intakes and adequacy of dietary fibre, several vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6) and minerals (iron, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, magnesium) compared to non-consumption. Among children, whole grain intake was associated with significantly higher intakes of iron and magnesium.ConclusionsThe study reveals very low whole grain intakes across all age groups of the Italian population. Considering the positive association in consumers between whole grain intakes and fibre and micro-nutrient intakes, public health strategies to increase whole grain consumption should be considered.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1097-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…WG intake in children varies by country depending on the food culture and is lower in English-speaking countries such as United Kingdom, United States, and Ireland (9-19 g) (7)(8)(9) and higher in north European countries such as Germany and Denmark (20-58 g/d) (10,11) where children eat WG rye bread as a staple food and in Denmark especially for lunch (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HLMs and snacks included some WG products among other food items (8,9). Dietary intake during the school meal study was measured by a self-administered and intuitive Web-based Dietary Assessment Software for Children (WebDASC) that was developed for the purpose (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%