Whole shoot hydraulic resistance in Quercus species measured with a new high-pressure flowmeter

Tyree, Mt; Sinclair, Brent J.; Lü, Ping; Granier, A.

doi:10.1051/forest:19930501

Cited by 99 publications

(83 citation statements)

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“…In most cases, R LB represented the largest part of R W (e.g. 40-60 % in Acer spp., Yang & Tyree, 1994 ; 80 % in Juglans regia, Tyree et al, 1993a ;80-90 % in Quercus spp., Tyree et al, 1993b). This also appeared to be true in Q. pubescens where R LB represented 90.7 % of R W (Fig.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 53%

Drought resistance of Quercus pubescens as a function of root hydraulic conductance, xylem embolism and hydraulic architecture

Nardini

Pitt

1999

New Phytologist

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Water relations, xylem embolism, root and shoot hydraulic conductance of both young plants in the field and potted seedlings of Quercus pubescens have been studied with the aim of investigating whether these variables may account for the well known adaptation of this oak species to arid habitats. Our data revealed that Q. pubescens is able to maintain high leaf relative water contents under water stress conditions. In fact, relative water contents measured in summer (July) did not differ from those recorded in April. This was apparently achieved by compensating water loss by an equal amount of water uptake. Such a drought avoidance strategy was made possible by the recorded high hydraulic efficiency of stems and roots under water stress. In fact, root hydraulic conductance of field-grown plants was maintained high in summer when the percentage loss of hydraulic conductance of stems was lowest. The hydraulic architecture of young plants of Q. pubescens measured in terms of partitioning of hydraulic resistances along the water pathway revealed that the highest hydraulic resistance was located in stems of the current year's growth. This hydraulic architecture is interpreted as consistent with the adaptation of Q. pubescens to arid habitats as a consequence of the recorded seasonal changes in water relation parameters as well as in root and stem hydraulics.

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Section: mentioning

confidence: 53%

Drought resistance of Quercus pubescens as a function of root hydraulic conductance, xylem embolism and hydraulic architecture

Nardini

Pitt

1999

New Phytologist

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“…There is now ample evidence to indicate that the hydraulic architecture of trees may be related to the processes of drought adaptation [1,4,33,38]. For poplar trees, the hydraulic characteristics of branches seem to be very species-specific and not related to the climatic conditions of the studied site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and acclimatation ofPopulus nigrato drier conditions after damming of an alpine river, southeast France

et al. 2006

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-Poplars occur in riparian areas where the water table depth generally varies with the elevation of the adjacent river. Changes in stream flow caused by diversion projects can affect the riparian community; this may lower the water table below the rooting zone of some tree species and cause then to suffer from a water shortage. Obligate riparian trees require access to a permanent water supply and are usually intolerant to low water potentials, being poorly adapted to water stress. In this paper, the survival of black poplars (Populus nigra) downstream of a dam constructed in the 1960s on the Drac river at the foot of the French Alps is reported. The growth, water consumption, and water status of some of these trees are compared with those of other poplars located downstream and growing under wetter conditions. Although water consumption and development were quite different for both, their method of water regulation seemed to be quite similar.Populus nigra / dendrochronological studies / sap flow / drought tolerance Résumé -Survie et adaptation de Populus nigra à des conditions plus sèches suite à la construction d'un barrage sur une rivière des Alpes dans le sud-est de la France. Les peupliers poussent le long des rivières où la profondeur de la nappe varie avec le niveau de la rivière adjacente. Les changements de débit suite aux modifications de l'écoulement, peuvent affecter les forêts riveraines : ceci peut faire abaisser la hauteur de la nappe en dessous du système racinaire de certains arbres et leur réduire ainsi l'accès à l'eau. Ces arbres phréatophytes ont besoin d'un accès permanent à l'eau et sont généralement intolérant à la sécheresse et peut adaptés au stress hydrique. Dans cette étude, la survie de peupliers noirs (Populus nigra) en aval d'un barrage construit dans les années 1960 sur le Drac au pied des Alpes est décrite. La croissance, la consommation en eau et l'état hydrique de ces arbres sont comparés à d'autres peupliers poussant plus en aval dans des zones plus humides. Bien que leur consommation en eau et leur développement sont différents, leur mode de régulation de l'eau semble bien être similaire.Populus nigra / dendrochronologie / flux de sève / tolérance à la sécheresse

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“…of a tree is to measure the hydraulic quantities of different axes and to draw a map, called hydraulic map [137], of their values for different axes. Introduction of the "high pressure flow meter" [132] enabled direct and rapid estimates of the hydraulic resistance of the different elements of the tree structure. Nevertheless few such maps have been published.…”

Section: Examples Of Synthetic Data On Hydraulic Architecture: Hydraumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be seen that the higher the order of an axis, the steeper is the xylem pressure gradient. For the tree species studied so far, another general fact, emphasized in the drawing, is that the main hydraulic resistance of the trunk-leaf pathway is within the leaf or at least in the petiole-leaf unit [4,131,132]. Further research is needed to determine whether or not this fact is a consequence of the resistance of the extra-vascular sap pathway in the leaf.…”

Section: Examples Of Synthetic Data On Hydraulic Architecture: Hydraumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As said above, most of the resistance in the above ground part of a tree is located within the leaf blade. For example the leaf resistance expressed as a percentage of the total resistance between trunk and leaves is 80 to 90% for Quercus [132] around 80% for Juglans regia [131] less than 50% for Acer saccharum [150]. Measurements of leaf resistance in young apical and old basal branches of a Fraxinus tree have yielded contrasting results [22].…”

Section: Examples Of Synthetic Data On Hydraulic Architecture: Hydraumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydraulic architecture of trees: main concepts and results

2002

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-Since about twenty years, hydraulic architecture (h.a.) is, doubtless, the major trend in the domain of plants (and especially trees) water relations. This review encompasses the main concepts and results concerning the hydraulic of architecture of trees. After a short paragraph about the definition of the h.a., the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the h.a. are presented. This is an occasion to discuss the pipe model from the h.a. point of view. The second part starts with the central concept of embolism and give a review of important experimental results and questions concerning summer and winter embolism. The last part deals with the coupling between hydraulic and stomatal conductances. It discusses the theoretical and experimental relationships between transpiration and leaf water potential during a progressive soil drought, the increase of soil-root resistance and its consequences in term of xylem vulnerability, the factors controlling the daily maximum transpiration and how stomates can prevent "run away embolism". In conclusion different kinds of unsolved questions of h.a., which can be a matter of future investigations, are presented in addition with a classification of trees behaviour under drought conditions. To end, an appendix recalls the notions of water potential, pressure and tension.hydraulic architecture / cohesion-tension theory / summer embolism / winter embolism / drought resistance Résumé -Architecture hydraulique des arbres : concepts principaux et résultats. Sans aucun doute, depuis une vingtaine d'années, l'architecture hydraulique (a.h.) est devenue une approche majeure dans le domaine des relations plantes-eau (et particulièrement pour les arbres). Cette revue présente les principaux concepts et résultats concernant l'a.h. Après un bref paragraphe sur la définition de l'a.h., les caractéristiques qualitatives et quantitatives définissant l'a.h. sont passées en revue. À cette occasion le « pipe model » est discuté du point de vue de l'a.h. La seconde partie commence avec le concept central d'embolie et continue avec une présentation des principaux résultats et questions touchant l'embolie estivale et l'embolie hivernale. La dernière partie analyse le « couplage » entre les conductances hydraulique et stomatique. Il y est discuté des relations théoriques et expérimentales entre la transpiration et le potentiel hydrique foliaire durant la mise en place d'une sécheresse progressive du sol, de l'augmentation de la résistance sol-racines et de ses conséquences en terme de vulnérabilité du xylème, des facteurs contrôlant la transpiration maximale journalière et de quelle manière les stomates peuvent prévenir l'emballement de l'embolie. La conclusion fait état de différentes questions non résolues, qui pourraient faire l'objet de recherches futures et esquisse une classification du comportement des arbres vis-à-vis de la sécheresse. Pour finir, un appendice rappelle les notions de potentiel hydrique, de pression et de tension.architecture hydraulique / théorie de la cohé...

show abstract

Whole shoot hydraulic resistance in Quercus species measured with a new high-pressure flowmeter

Cited by 99 publications

References 11 publications

Drought resistance of Quercus pubescens as a function of root hydraulic conductance, xylem embolism and hydraulic architecture

Drought resistance of Quercus pubescens as a function of root hydraulic conductance, xylem embolism and hydraulic architecture

Survival and acclimatation ofPopulus nigrato drier conditions after damming of an alpine river, southeast France

Hydraulic architecture of trees: main concepts and results

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