Why Does Behavioral Confirmation Occur? A Functional Perspective on the Role of the Perceiver

Snyder, Mark; Haugen, Julie A.

doi:10.1006/jesp.1994.1011

Cited by 60 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…80,81 These studies suggest that structural changes that support providers in spending time getting to know patients, as well as patient activation interventions, may help to reduce disparities. Most of the social-cognitive interventions were tested in carefully controlled laboratory settings using experimental designs.…”

Section: Future Directions: Research and Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do providers contribute to disparities and what can be done about it?

2004

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This paper applies social cognition research to understanding and ameliorating the provider contribution to racial/ethnic disparities in health care. We discuss how fundamental cognitive mechanisms such as automatic, unconscious processes (e.g., stereotyping) can help explain provider bias. Even wellintentioned providers who are motivated to be nonprejudiced may stereotype racial/ethnic minority members, particularly under conditions of that diminish cognitive capacity. These conditions -time pressure, fatigue, and information overloadare frequently found in health care settings. We conclude with implications of the social-cognitive perspective for developing interventions to reduce provider bias.

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Section: Future Directions: Research and Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do providers contribute to disparities and what can be done about it?

2004

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“…In turn, the Target's behaviour ultimately confirms the expectation of the Perceiver, thus giving the Perceiver evidence that their false belief is true (Merton, 1948;Snyder & Haugen, 1994;Snyder & Stukas, 1999). Darley and Fazio's (1980) …”

Section: Expectancy Effects As Stereotype Activationmentioning

confidence: 77%

Interview Expectancies: Awareness of potential biases influences behaviour in interviewees

Adams-Quackenbush¹,

Horselenberg²,

Hubert³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Expectancy effects are known to influence behaviour so that what is expected appears to be true. In the present study, expectancy was induced using (fabricated) information about honesty and specific group membership. We tested Targets in a non-accusatory interview environment using neutral and information-gathering type questions. We hypothesized that persons exposed to the negative information (the expectancy) would demonstrate behaviour consistent with increased cognitive load, and we found evidence to support this prediction. Due to the investigative nature of the information gathering questions, we also expected that Targets exposed to the expectancy would exhibit more of these behaviours in the investigative portion of the interview. We found some behaviour to support this prediction (i.e., shorter responses and increased speech disturbances); however, indicators of performance altering load were not observed during this phase of the interview. These findings support the hypothesis that expectancy effects can noticeably alter interviewee behaviour.

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“…Although we did find some gender effects on power, these were of little theoretical interest as our sample was too small to address possible interactions between the target's weight and the perceiver's gender. Earlier studies involving social interactions (e.g., Snyder & Haugen, 1994 between (supposedly) obese and non-obese targets have often relied on mixed-gender pairs (with the target being female and the perceiver male). Future research should address possible interactions between the target's weight status and the perceiver's gender.…”

Section: Limitations and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This belief may promote behaviors aimed at controlling the interaction. If targets defer to such treatment, as they often do (Ridgeway, 2001;Ridgeway & Berger, 1988;Snyder, 1992;Snyder & Haugen, 1994), the emergence of a consensual status system within the dyad should emerge.…”

Section: Limitations and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%