Why is the issue of land ownership still of major concern in East Central European (ECE) transitional countries and particularly in Hungary?

Burger, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2005.01.003

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This was suggested by previous studies [13,15,113] with a critical view towards the motivation of large-scale investors. The skepticism against land acquisitions may even stem from a nationalistic tendency with prejudice towards foreigners [114,115]. In our study we did not detect fear of foreign investors, but prejudice against investors from former West Germany.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Land Grabbing in Europe? Socio-Cultural Externalities of Large-Scale Land Acquisitions in East Germany

Bunkus

Theesfeld

2018

Land

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Recently, we witnessed an immense increase in international land transactions in the Global South, a phenomenon slowly expanding in northern industrialized countries, too. Even though in Europe agriculture plays a decreasing economic role for rural livelihoods, the increases in land transactions by non-local, non-agricultural investors pervades rural life. Nevertheless, the underlying processes are not yet well understood. Large-scale land acquisitions describe such purchases and leases in a neutral way, while ‘land grabbing’ expresses negative consequences for rural people. We investigate whether and under which conditions the term land grabbing is justified for the phenomenon observed in Europe. We propose six socio-cultural criteria that scholars should consider to come to an initial classification: legal irregularities, non-residence of new owners, centralization in decision-making structures, treating land as an investment object, concentration of decision-power, and limited access to land markets. We supplement our findings with empirical material from East Germany, where such land acquisition processes occur. Our paper contributes to the ongoing discussion about agricultural structural change in Europe, which is intensified by increasing land prices and a new distribution of landownership but likewise strongly intertwined with rural development.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Land Grabbing in Europe? Socio-Cultural Externalities of Large-Scale Land Acquisitions in East Germany

Bunkus

Theesfeld

2018

Land

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“…Similar if shorter (7-year) transition periods apply in other countries that have acceded to the EU (e.g. the czech republic, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Slovakia) (Burger 2006). The (quite distinct) fear in Poland was that the markets for land in certain parts of the country would become dominated by foreign purchasers, by whose standards the prices would seem very low.…”

Section: The Conditioning Of Ownership Changes Post 1989mentioning

confidence: 90%

Changes in agricultural land ownership in Poland in the period of the market economy

Bański¹

2011

Agric. Econ. - Czech

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Abstract:The article concentrates on the changes of ownership ongoing in Polish agriculture in the period 1989-2004. Since Polish agriculture was above all private in nature throughout the period of communism, the changes in question were actually more limited than in other central and East European countries (cEEc). Those that have taken place have first and foremost involved the privatisation of the old State Farms, whose assets were taken over by individually-owned farms or commercial-law companies, with the intermediation of the Treasury Agricultural Property Agency established for the purpose. A major element of the assets undergoing privatisation was agricultural land. The size of the ownership change has varied from region to region. in the West and north, where more than half of all farmland was in the State Farm hands to 1989, there was a marked increase in the share of land under private ownership. on the other hand, in central and Eastern Poland, the changes were very limited, concerning only the transfer of land between private farms. important reasons accounting for the limited activity on the market for land in this part of Poland include the agrarian overpopulation and the widespread treatment of land as a form of the "insurance policy" against job losses. The ownership changes have further encouraged polarisation where farm size structure is concerned. Farms increased in size in the regions where the large average area has long been a typical feature. in turn, the areas characterised by the excessive agrarian fragmentation have not seen any more major changes in the size structure over the recent period. A detailed analysis of the changes in ownership over the market economy period is preceded by a discussion of the history of land ownership in Polish agriculture, with a particular emphasis being placed on the communist era. The legal and social bases conditioning ownership change are also discussed.Key words: land ownership, land use, agriculture, land fragmentation, transformation, central and Eastern Europe, Poland Abstrakt: Článek se zaměřuje na změny vlastnické struktury půdy probíhající v polském zemědělství v letech 1989-2004. Polské zemědělství bylo v průběhu celého období komunismu převážně soukromé, uvedené změny byly fakticky méně významné než v ostatních zemích střední a východní Evropy (cEEc). Ty, jež se v Polsku uskutečnily, se týkaly primárně a převážně privatizace původních státních statků, jejichž majetek převzaly podniky fyzických osob nebo obchodní společ-nosti za spoluúčasti agentury Fondu zemědělského majetku, jež byla pro tento účel zřízena. hlavním prvkem probíhající privatizace byla privatizace zemědělské půdy. rozsah vlastnických změn se lišil mezi jednotlivými regiony. na západě a na severu Polska, kde více než polovina zemědělského půdního fondu byla do roku 1989 ve vlastnictví státních statků, se projevil významný nárůst půdy v soukromém vlastnictví. na druhé straně ve středním a jižním Polsku byly vlastnické změny velmi omezené a týkaly se většinou pouze transferů mez...

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“…The land reforms and land management after 1945 have had important consequences for nature conservation and protected area management. The abolition of smallscale farm systems due to collectivization in 1945-1962 has generated a series of changes in the structure and function of rural landscapes in Slovakia (Lieskovský et al 2015), Czech Republic (Bičík et al 2001) Hungary (Burger 2006) and Romania (Fischer et al 2012). The disconnection of whole generations from their land, changes in traditional practices (e.g.…”

Section: During Socialismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grassland management in protected areas – implementation of the EU biodiversity strategy in certain post-communist countries

Balázsi

2018

Hacquetia

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The post-communist countries of Central-Eastern Europe (CEE) when implementing agricultural and conservation policies, face other challenges than Western European countries: (1) specific institutional design for each, developed on the remnants of totalitarian system causing difficulties for transposing directives; (2) different integration of Natura 2000 network into national protected area governance resulting in slow elaboration of the management plans; (3) farming landscapes were better preserved than in Western Europe, but lacking the continuity of extensive farming so large areas of conservation; and (4) formal protection of sites, lacking in many cases financial support. This paper summarizes: the historical background of the last century that changed the farming landscapes of the CEE countries and the challenges in the management of protected areas in an unsteady socio-economic and political context. The results are focusing on the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania. Two main conclusions are proposed. First, socialism and capitalism slowly abolished family farming, causing people to become disconnected from the landscape - a key element in conservation oriented grassland management. Second, the gaps of knowledge on different aspects of policy implementation sabotage the results of conservation initiatives.

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Why is the issue of land ownership still of major concern in East Central European (ECE) transitional countries and particularly in Hungary?

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Land Grabbing in Europe? Socio-Cultural Externalities of Large-Scale Land Acquisitions in East Germany

Land Grabbing in Europe? Socio-Cultural Externalities of Large-Scale Land Acquisitions in East Germany

Changes in agricultural land ownership in Poland in the period of the market economy

Grassland management in protected areas – implementation of the EU biodiversity strategy in certain post-communist countries

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