Why Is the Solar Constant Not a Constant?

Li, K. J.; Wen, Feng; Xu, J. C.; Gao, P. X.; Yang, Liheng; Liang, Hong; Zhan, L. S.

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/747/2/135

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…At the same time, both WTC and PWC show that the two time series have common significant regions of above 95% confidence level at short timescales, it is inferred that the variation of TSI at shorttimescales is highlyrelated to solar strong magnetic activity, which is represented by MWSI. This result is the same as in earlier papers (Willson et al 1981;Solanki et al 2003;Domingo et al 2009;Withbroe 2009;Li et al 2012). We also use WTC and PWC to analyze the relationship of ACRIM TSI and RMIB TSI with MWSI, and the relation of them gives almost the same results.…”

Section: The Wtc and Partial Wavelet Coherence (Pwc) Analysis Of Tsi supporting

confidence: 86%

“…Energy from the Sun reaching the Earth drives almost every known physical and biological cycle in the Earth system. With the launch of the Hickey-Frieden cavity radiometer (HF) on Nimbus 7 in 1978 October, space-based observations have lasted more than 30 yr. Now it is well known that TSI varies on timescales of minutes to decades (even longer than several solar cycles; Willson & Hudson 1991;Fröhlich 2006Fröhlich , 2009Fröhlich , 2013Wenzler et al 2006;Kopp & Lean 2011;Li et al 2012;Dasi-Espuig et al 2014;Velasco Herrera et al 2015). TSI generates the Earth's radiation environment and influences its temperature and atmosphere;even asmall persistent variation of the solar irradiance takes part in climate changes, so it is very important for us to understand how the variations of TSI affect the Earth's climate system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though it is difficult to directly measure the sunspot blocking and the intensification due to bright faculae, plages, and network elements, some papers concluded that sunspot area is sometimes used to represent "the sunspotblocking" Haberreiter 2009, and references therein), and Mg II index should reliably represent "the intensification due to bright faculae, plages, and network elements" (Snow et al 2005;Haberreiter 2009, and references therein). (2) Li et al (2012) indicated that the inter-solar-cycle variation of TSI should be caused by the network magnetic elements in quiet regions, whose magnetic flux is in the range Mx 4.27 38.01 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Causes the Inter-Solar-Cycle Variation of Total Solar Irradiance?

Xiang

Kong

2015

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The Physikalisch Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos total solar irradiance (TSI), Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitoring TSI, and Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium TSI are three typical TSI composites. Magnetic Plage Strength Index (MPSI) and Mount Wilson Sunspot Index (MWSI) should indicate the weak and strong magnetic field activity on the solar full disk, respectively. Cross-correlation (CC) analysis of MWSI with three TSI composites shows that TSI should be weakly correlated with MWSI, and not be in phase with MWSI at timescales of solar cycles. The wavelet coherence (WTC) and partial wavelet coherence (PWC) of TSI with MWSI indicate that the inter-solar-cycle variation of TSI is also not related to solar strong magnetic field activity, which is represented by MWSI. However, CC analysis of MPSI with three TSI composites indicates that TSI should be moderately correlated and accurately in phase with MPSI at timescales of solar cycles, and that the statisticalsignificancetest indicates that the correlation coefficient of three TSI composites with MPSI is statistically significantly higher than that of three TSI composites with MWSI. Furthermore, the cross wavelet transform (XWT) and WTC of TSI with MPSI show that the TSI is highly related and actually in phase with MPSI at a timescale of a solar cycle as well. Consequently, the CC analysis, XWT, and WTC indicate that the solar weak magnetic activity on the full disk, which is represented by MPSI, dominates the inter-solar-cycle variation of TSI.

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Section: The Wtc and Partial Wavelet Coherence (Pwc) Analysis Of Tsi supporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Causes the Inter-Solar-Cycle Variation of Total Solar Irradiance?

Xiang

Kong

2015

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“…So we think it is an important period of low‐latitude solar activity especially in correlation between sunspots and filaments. Li et al [] think the ∼1 year period cannot rule out the possibility that it is the influence of seasonal effects. But in our study, this period is the most significant peak in the spectra of total data and detected in all spectra of each solar cycle of LSFNs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midterm periods of solar filaments

Zou

2014

JGR Space Physics

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“…IMF8 in Fig. 2, Li et al 2012). To suppress such intrinsic mode leakage a new noise-assisted data analysis method was proposed, the ensemble EMD (EEMD, see, e.g.…”

Section: Empirical Mode Decomposition and Hilbert Transformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-mode quasi-periodic pulsations in a solar flare

Kolotkov

Nakariakov

Kupriyanova

et al. 2015

A&A

105

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Context. Quasi-periodic pulsations (QPP) of the electromagnetic radiation emitted in solar and stellar flares are often detected in microwave, white light, X-ray, and gamma-ray bands. Mechanisms for QPP are intensively debated in the literature. Previous studies revealed that QPP may manifest non-linear, non-stationary and, perhaps, multi-modal processes operating in flares. Aims. We study QPP of the microwave emission generated in an X3.2-class solar flare on 14 May, 2013, observed with the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH), aiming to reveal signatures of the non-linear, non-stationary, and multi-modal processes in the signal. Methods. The NoRH correlation signal obtained at the 17 GHz intensity has a clear QPP pattern. The signal was analysed with the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) that allows one to determine its instant amplitude and frequency, and their time variation. Results. It was established that the QPP consists of at least three well-defined intrinsic modes, with the mean periods of 15, 45, and 100 s. All the modes have quasi-harmonic behaviour with different modulation patterns. The 100 s intrinsic mode is a decaying oscillation, with the decay time of 250 s. The 15 s intrinsic mode shows a similar behaviour, with the decay time of 90 s. The 45 s mode has a wave-train behaviour. Conclusions. Dynamical properties of detected intrinsic modes indicate that the 100 s and 15 s modes are likely to be associated with fundamental kink and sausage modes of the flaring loop, respectively. The 100 s oscillation could also be caused by the fundamental longitudinal mode, while this interpretation requires the plasma temperature of about 30 million K and hence is not likely. The 45 s mode could be the second standing harmonics of the kink mode.

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Why Is the Solar Constant Not a Constant?

Cited by 46 publications

References 25 publications

What Causes the Inter-Solar-Cycle Variation of Total Solar Irradiance?

What Causes the Inter-Solar-Cycle Variation of Total Solar Irradiance?

Midterm periods of solar filaments

Multi-mode quasi-periodic pulsations in a solar flare

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