Why Loneliness Is Hazardous to Your Health

Miller, Greg

doi:10.1126/science.331.6014.138

Cited by 96 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…In the current study, participants spent their sleep-deprived night together, interacting socially, and were allowed to move freely in the laboratory area. As social isolation, even for short periods of time, was reported to decrease immune activity [58,59], it is possible that the experience of social isolation, which characterizes most sleep deprivation studies, modulated immunological outcomes, leading to higher inflammation markers and lower NK cytotoxic activity [60]. Inversely, social interactions in our study may have buffered or counteracted the impacts of sleep deprivation and stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Resilience of the Immune System in Healthy Young Students to 30-Hour Sleep Deprivation with Psychological Stress

Matzner¹,

Hazut²,

Naim³

et al. 2013

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objective: Young adults often encounter sleep deprivation and stressful events. Both have been separately reported to modulate immunity, and occasionally they occur simultaneously. We assessed the combined effects of these conditions on immune competence in healthy students. Methods: Twenty-three participants (mean age 24 years; SD 1.86; 14 females) were exposed to 30 h of sleep deprivation during which they conducted physiological, social and cognitive tasks. The control group consisted of 18 participants (mean age 23.67 years; SD 1.46; 11 females). All participants underwent cognitive and psychological evaluations at 10:00 AM, followed by blood and saliva collection, 3 days before sleep deprivation induction and on the morning following it. Immune/endocrine measures included blood counts of lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells; levels of several cell surface markers; NK cytotoxicity; plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, dehydroepiandrosterone and neuropeptide Y, and plasma and salivary cortisol levels. Results: Although the experimental protocol significantly elevated state anxiety and psychological dissociation levels, no effects were evident in any of the immunological/endocrine indices. In contrast, expected sex differences in immune measures were found, including significantly higher NK cytotoxicity and monocyte counts in males, validating the integrity of the measurements. Conclusions: The findings suggest resilience of the immune system to a combined sleep deprivation and stressful exposure in young adults, while previous studies reported immune perturbations following either of these conditions separately. These apparent contradictions might reflect differences in the study design or in the methodology used for immunological assessments, including the time of sample collection, the combination of sleep deprivation with stress and our in vivo assessment of cytokine levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Resilience of the Immune System in Healthy Young Students to 30-Hour Sleep Deprivation with Psychological Stress

Matzner¹,

Hazut²,

Naim³

et al. 2013

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…En el área cardiovascular, varios trastornos psicosociales se asocian y predicen el desarrollo y progresión de la enfermedad coronaria [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] . Así, la personalidad tipo A, caracterizada por alta competitividad, hostilidad y sensación de urgencia constante, es un factor de riesgo para cardiopatía isquémica, en contraste a lo que ocurre con la personalidad tipo B expresada por menos apremio y agresividad y más paciencia individual.…”

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Recursos psicosociales positivos y salud cardiovascular

et al. 2014

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“…59 Smith 2006. See also Cacioppo, Hawkley et al 2003, Cacioppo and Hawkley 2009, Miller 2011 McPherson, Lovin- Smith et al 2006. 61 It may be objected that most people are in fact happy, so there can't be much of a problem here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%