Why the thin film form of a photocatalyst is better than the particulate form for direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion: a poor man's approach

Abstract

Maximizing light absorption throughout the thin film and effective charge carrier utilization helped improve H2 yield by an order of magnitude.

Process analysis of solar steam reforming of methane for producing low-carbon hydrogen

“…CH 4 and H 2 O considered as feeding streams were rstly mixed by a mixer standard model before entering into the chemical reactor. The inlet and outlet streams are analyzed and monitored by the gas analyzer installed at the inlet and outlet of the gas reactor.…”

“…The material balance of feed gas into the reforming reactor can be seen in Table 2. In this study, the feeding gas is essentially a composite of CH 4 and H 2 O. The numerical calculation is carried out by varying the ratio of H 2 O/CH 4 from 1.0 to 4.0 while maintaining constant the process temperature at 800 C and the pressure at 1.02 bar.…”

“…The thermal efficiency of the reforming reactor, (%) LHV H 2 Lower heating value of hydrogen, (kJ kg À1 ) LHV CH 4 Lower heating value of methane, (kJ kg À1 ) LHV CO Lower heating value of carbon monoxide, (kJ kg À1 ) m CO The mass ow rate of carbon monoxide, (kg h À1 ) m CH 4 The mass ow rate of methane, (kg h À1 ) U Energetic upgrade factor q re Solar thermal power reected towards a central receiver system, (kW) q inc Solar thermal power incident on the total area of heliostat mirror, (kW) h hel…”

“…The ambient air temperature, ( C) m HTF The mass ow rate of heat transfer uid, (kg h À1 ) h out HTF Specic enthalpy of HTF at outlet of receiver, (kJ kg À1 ) h in HTF Specic enthalpy of HTF at inlet of receiver, (kJ kg À1 ) CH 4 Methane H 2 O Steam H 2 Hydrogen CO Carbon monoxides CO 2 Carbon dioxide H 2 O/ CH 4 Mass ow ratio of steam-to-methane…”

A Beehive Inspired Hydrogen Photocatalytic Device Integrating a Carbo‐Benzene Triptych Material for Efficient Solar Photo‐Reduction of Seawater

“…[ 6,7 ] A PC‐WS device requires a semiconductor possibly combined to co‐catalysts with no need for counter electrode, supporting electrolyte nor pH‐buffer to convert photon energy into chemical energy. [ 8 ] Schröder et al and Goto et al developed the first PC‐WS hydrogen panels integrating a particulate form [ 9 ] of the photocatalyst, but with scarce elements such as Sr. [ 8,10,11 ] Recently, Zhao et al also developed a similar strategy based on particulate photocatalysts in a perspective of hydrogen farm application. [ 12 ]…”